Dr. Robert D. Bass - Swamp Fox: The Life and Campaigns of General Francis Marion
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Swamp Fox: The Life and Campaigns of General Francis Marion: summary, description and annotation
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One of the most fascinating figures of the American Revolution, General Francis Marion slipped in and out of the Carolina swamps to strike sudden, devastating blows against the British. Cutting through the Swamp Fox legend, Robert D. Bass has arrived at a realistic and fascinating appraisal of this military genius with this 1959 literary work.
[A] close but spirited chronology of the raids and routs [General Francis Marion] led against the British. A humane man, a dedicated soldier with a devotion to duty and a worship of liberty, [he] was also a taciturn, moody and introverted character. With an intuitive sense of strategy, particularly that of the swift advance and the rapid retreat, he became a sound and savage fighter [...] rose from the ranks as an unknown captain to become a Brigadier General. Here, bivouac by bivouac, are the lashes and the sieges in which he engaged; the daring rescue of 150 Rebel prisoners from Sumters house; the bedevilment and the destruction of the British is small diversionary actions; and the indefatigable endurance of that gaunt, ill-kempt, gallant fighter who became a nemesis to Cornwallis and the entire British Army....Kirkus Review
[A] close but spirited chronology of the raids and routs [General Francis Marion] led against the British. A humane man, a dedicated soldier with a devotion to duty and a worship of liberty, [he] was also a taciturn, moody and introverted character. With an intuitive sense of strategy, particularly that of the swift advance and the rapid retreat, he became a sound and savage fighter [...] rose from the ranks as an unknown captain to become a Brigadier General. Here, bivouac by bivouac, are the lashes and the sieges in which he engaged; the daring rescue of 150 Rebel prisoners from Sumters house; the bedevilment and the destruction of the British is small diversionary actions; and the indefatigable endurance of that gaunt, ill-kempt, gallant fighter who became a nemesis to Cornwallis and the entire British Army....Kirkus Review
Dr. Robert D. Bass: author's other books
Who wrote Swamp Fox: The Life and Campaigns of General Francis Marion? Find out the surname, the name of the author of the book and a list of all author's works by series.
Dr. Robert D. Bass
Rebecca Dunahoe
William Gilmore Simms
Francis Vinton Greene
Tin Nguyen
F. Marion (Francis Marion) Crawford
Jim Piecuch
Higgins David R.
Robert Tonsetic
Marion Chesney
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This edition is published by Papamoa Press www.pp-publishing.com
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Text originally published in 1959 under the same title.
Papamoa Press 2017, all rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted by any means, electrical, mechanical or otherwise without the written permission of the copyright holder.
Publishers Note
Although in most cases we have retained the Authors original spelling and grammar to authentically reproduce the work of the Author and the original intent of such material, some additional notes and clarifications have been added for the modern readers benefit.
We have also made every effort to include all maps and illustrations of the original edition the limitations of formatting do not allow of including larger maps, we will upload as many of these maps as possible.
SWAMP FOX
THE LIFE AND CAMPAIGNS OF GENERAL FRANCIS MARION
by
ROBERT D. BASS
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Contents
TABLE OF CONTENTS
DEDICATION
To
My Mother
Bertha Elizabeth Matthews Bass
whose Matthews ancestors
fought under
Francis Marion
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
THE MOST SIGNIFICANT PERIOD in the career of Francis Marion was that between August 15, 1780, and September 8, 1781. During this time he alone held eastern South Carolina from the British, then helped Henry Lee capture the British posts along the Santee, and finally commanded a corps in the army with which Nathanael Greene drove the British from South Carolina.
Accounts of Marions activities during much of this period have been vague and historians have glossed over their lack of information with references to the elusive Swamp Fox. I have attempted to clear up these uncertainties by giving Marions location at least once in every three days. I have also tried to show the causes leading up to each of his actions and the results that followed from his victories.
Although I first began taking notes for this study in 1929, I was unable to finish it until after I had read the unpublished correspondence of Lord Cornwallis. For permission to read these letters I thank Lord Braybrooke, great-great-grandson of Lord Cornwallis. I also wish to thank the Director of the Public Record office in London for permission to use these and other documents.
Many friends, teachers, colleagues, librarians, and others have given me help and inspiration. Among these were the late Joseph M. Woodberry, whose stories about Marion stirred my imagination when I was a schoolboy, and Mr. Ed Woodberry, a brother-in-law, who furnished much information about the country through which Marion campaigned.
I wish to thank the librarians of the following institutions for help and permission to use material: the Library of Congress, especially those in the Division of Manuscripts; Harvard University; Princeton University; University of South Carolina; Enoch Pratt Library; Peabody Library; New York Public Library; Henry E. Huntington Library; and William L. Clements Library. I also thank the directors and staffs of the New York Historical Society and the South Carolina Historical Commission. I am especially grateful to Miss Catherine Jones, of the Greenville Public Library; Dr. Vernon D. Tate, Librarian of the U.S. Naval Academy; Dr. Robert C. Tucker, Librarian of Furman University; and the other librarians of those institutions.
I wish to thank Professor Robert W. Daly, of the U.S. Naval Academy, for his encouragement; Professor Robert M. Langdon, of the U.S. Naval Academy, whose copy of James A Sketch of the Life of Brig.-Gen. Francis Marion set me to work anew; and Professor Emeritus Walter B. Norris, of the U.S. Naval Academy, who gave me a copy of an early edition of The Life of General Francis Marion by Horry and Weems.
I wish also to express my gratitude to President James L. Plyler and Dean Francis W. Bonner, who have made available to me time for my study as well as the facilities of Furman University.
For help in securing and permission to reproduce pictures, I am indebted to the Culver Service; the Division of Prints of the Library of Congress; the Print Room of the New York Public Library; the Directors and Trustees of the National Gallery and the National Portrait Gallery; and for drawing the maps, to Mr. Green H. Giebner.
Most of all I am indebted to my wife, Virginia Wauchope Bass, for her help in all stages of Swamp Fox.
ROBERT D. BASS
Furman University
Greenville South Carolina
October 1, 1958
SWAMP FOX
PROLOGUE
DURING THE CLOSING YEARS of the Revolution, a ragged little guerrilla named Francis Marion moved like a fox through the swamps of eastern Carolina. Hiding in his lair on Snows Island or Peyres Plantation by day and emerging stealthily after sunset, he usually struck at midnight, slaughtering and frightening and throwing his enemies into a panic. Before day he vanished again behind the morasses of the Peedee or the Santee River.
Bold and elusive, Colonel Marion was a haunting nemesis to the Tories, terrorizing them from White Marsh to Black Mingo. He was an armed will-o-the-wisp to the British soldiers, a phantom exacting retribution and justice. With his volunteers in homespun, he cut the supply line between Charleston and Camden. He chased McLeroth out of Williamsburg and whipped Watsons Regiment of Guards. He kept Lord Rawdon in a dither and even brought Lord Cornwallis, convalescent from malaria, back to direct Tarletons expedition against him.
To the Carolina partisans Francis Marion was a latter-day Robin Hood. They told and retold their tales until his heroic exploits passed into folklore. Romantic legends and family traditions began to cluster around his name. As memory of the war faded, Marion grew more heroic: his skirmishes became battles and his raids became campaigns. The scrawny little Huguenot attained gigantic stature, and William Cullen Bryant sang:
The British soldier trembles
When Marions name is told.
Peter Horry wrote a simple memorial biography of General Marion. Parson Weems rewrote it into a stirring military romance. William James, who as a barefoot lad of fifteen had fought under the General, wrote a prosaic sketch of his hero. William Gilmore Simms then transmuted him into the Partisan, a Santee counterpart of Chevalier Bayard.
Through song and story, Francis Marion became a hero of the Revolution second only to George Washington. Hundreds of parents named a son Francis Marion. Settlers gave his name to village after village, and now scattered over the United States are some twenty-nine towns and seventeen counties named Marion.
In all of this fantasy Americans forgot the real Francis Marion. He was neither a Robin Hood nor a Chevalier Bayard. He was a moody, introverted, semiliterate genius who rose from private to Brigadier General through an intuitive grasp of strategy and tactics, personal bravery, devotion to duty, and worship of liberty.
By nature Marion was gentle, kind, and humane. Yet his orders, orderly books, battle reports, and personal letters reveal another side to his character. He shot pickets, retaliated from ambush, failed to honor flags of truce, and knowingly violated international law. He could forgive the Tories, and yet he could court-martial his closest friend. Such paradoxical qualities inspired admiration in his officers and love in his men. For two years they followed him through the Carolina swamps without adequate pay, clothing, ammunition, recognition, or hope of reward. In after years they gave him every honor in their power and then cherished his memory as the Swamp Fox.
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