DK - Timelines of Science: From Fossils to Quantum Physics

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DK LONDON Senior editor Ben Morgan Senior art editor Jacqui Swan Senior US editor Megan Douglass Editors Edward A ves, To m Booth, Shaila Br own, Susan Kelly , J anet Mohun, Amanda Wyatt Designers Emma Clayton, Laur a Gar dner , To ry Gordon-Harris, Joe Lawrence , Samantha Richiar di, S miljka Surla Illustrato rs Acute Gra phics, Adam Br ackenb ury , Peter Bull Art Studio, Arran Lewis, Maltings P artnership, Naomi Murr ay, Laure n Quinn, Gus Sc ott DK media archive Romaine W erblow Senior picture r esearc her Nic Dean Managing editor Rachel Fo x Managing art editor Owen Peyton Jones DTP manager Pankaj Sharma Production editor Kavita V ar ma Senior production c ontrol ler Meskerem Be rhane Jacket designer Surabhi Wadh wa-Gandhi Jackets design dev elopment manager Sophia MTT Jackets senior D TP designer Harish Aggarwal Senior jackets c oordin ator Priyanka Sharma-Saddi Publisher Andrew Macintyr e Art director Karen Self Associate publishing director Liz Wheeler Publishing director Jonathan Metcalf Authors Leo Ball, Pe ter Chrisp, Julian Emsle y, Clive Gior d, Jo Locke, Douglas Palmer , Ginny Smith, Giles Sparrow , N icola T em ple Consultant Dr. Patr icia Fa ra First American Edition, 2022 Published in the United States by DK Publishing 1745 Broadway , 2 0th Floor , N ew Y or k, NY 10019 Copyright 2022 Dorling Kindersley Limited DK, a Division of Pe nguin Random House LLC 22 23 24 25 26 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 001324989October/2022 All rights reserved. Without limiting the rights under the copyright r eserved above, no part of this public ation may be reprod uced, stored in or intr oduced i nto a retrieval sy stem, or transmitted , in any form, or by an y means (electronic, mechanic al, ph otocopying, record ing, or otherwise), without the prior written permission of the copyright owner . Published in Great Britain by Dorling Kinder sley Limited A catalog re cord for this book is available from t he Library o f Congress. ISBN 978-0-7440-6017-1 DK books are available at special discounts when pur chased in bulk for sales promotions, prem iums, fund-r aising, or educ ational use. For details, c ontact: DK Publishing Special Marke ts, 1745 Broadway , 2 0th Floor , N ew Y or k, NY 10019 SpecialSales@dk.com Printed and bound in the United Ara b Emirates Tra veling thr ough time The earliest e vents i n this book took place a v ery long time ago . Some dates ma y be f ollow ed by B YA (billion years ago ), MY A (million years a go), or Y A (years ago ). Other dates ha ve BC E and CE afte r them. These are short fo r befor e the Common E ra and Common Er a. T he Common Era starts fr om when people think Jesus Christ w as born. Where t he ex act dat e of an e vent i s not know n, c. appears bef ore the year . This is short fo r the Latin w ord circa , meaning ar ound, and indicate s that the da te is appr oxi mate. T H E A N C I E N T W O R L D Earth s history in 24 hours How life began The story of lif e Dinosaur discove ries Chicxulu b cra ter Extinctions Human evol ution Out of Af rica Ta ming the wild The chemistry o f re Archaeology The night sky The motion o f stars Calendars A brief hist ory of time Metals Ceramics Greek philoso phy Eureka moment Measuring Simple machines THE SMITHSONIAN Established in 1846, the Smithsonianthe worlds lar gest museum and r esearc h complex includes 19 museums and galleries and the National Zoologic al Park . The t otal number of artifacts, work s of art, and specimens in the Smithsonians collection is estimated at 154 million. The Sm ithsonian is a renowned r esearc h center , dedicated to public educa tion, national servic e, and scholarship in the arts, sciences, and history . This book was made with Fo rest Steward ship Council certied paperone small step in DKs commitment to a sustainable futur e. For more information go to www. dk.com/our-gr een-pledge www.dk.com

T H E D A W N O F S C I E N C E T H E A G E O F W O N D E R Around the sun Gravi ty Galileo Comets The clockwork univ erse Isaac Newto n Light and opt ics Color spectrum Te lescopes Songhai empire A closer look The story of cells The cycle o f life P ollen gr ains Bringer of light Elements Mysteriou s airs Antoine Lav oisier Chemical dete ctive wo rk The story of electricity Electricity pioneer The story of bat teries The human body Under the knife Explora tion Mapping the world Finding the wa y Magnetism Magnetic wo rld Islamic golden age From alchemy to chemis try Gold Healing sickness In the blood Discover ing drugs T u Y ouy ou Explosive chemist ry Deadly chemistry Sands of time The story of soap Sticky stu

T H E W A R Y E A R S T H E A G E O F S T E A M Poweri ng the world Harnessing heat Kee ping cool The story of the engine The horseless carriage Calculating Earth s age The rock cycle Layers o f hist ory Inside Earth Evolu tion re volutio n Charles Darwin Understanding disea se Epidemics Eradica ting smallpo x Louis P asteur Sanitation Saving liv es with dat a The chemistry o f life Climate change Earth s climate For ecas ting the we ather Hurricane Floyd Recordin g sound Photogra phy Invisible light Theory of r elat ivity Albert Einste in Te lecommunications Ta king ight Flying machine Radar and sonar Exploring the deep Almost fo rgott en hero The story of penicillin Doroth y Hodgkin Plate te ctonics Continents ad rift Vol canic eruptions Lava la nd The story of the at om Nuclear powe r Marie Curie Marie Curie s lab The Czar Bomba Quantum physics

T H E S P A C E A G E Race for s pace Rocke ts Destinatio n moon Human computers Exploring the moon Voy age of discove ry Leavi ng Saturn Exploring Mars Space stati ons Life be yond Ear th Understanding the sun How giant s tars die Star-birt h nebula Big bang theory Life o f the unive rse Understanding the cosmos Measuring the universe Hubble Deep Field The story o f DNA Jumping genes Shirley Ann Jack son Atom sm asher Food science The story of plast ic Polluti on Ecology Brain sc ience Animal behavior Crime scene science Computers Data stor age The internet Nanotechnology Robots Glossary Index Acknowledg ments T H E I N F O R M A T I O N A G E