Herbert Eugene Bolton - Coronado: Knight of Pueblos and Plains

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Coronado

Coronado

Knight of Pueblos and Plains

Herbert E. Bolton

Foreword by John L. Kessell

ISBN for this digital edition: 978-0-8263-3723-8
Paperbound ISBN-13: 978-0-8263-0007-2

Foreword by John L. Kessell 1990 by the University of New Mexico Press. Originally and published 1949 by the University of New Mexico Press as Volume I of the Coronado Cuarto Centennial Publications, 15401940, series edited by George P. Hammond, with the title Coronado on the Turquoise Trail, Knight of Pueblos and Plains, written by Herbert E. Bolton. All rights reserved. Printed in the United States of America 20 19 18 17 16 15 1 2 3 4 5 6

The Library of Congress has cataloged the printed edition as follows:
Bolton, Herbert Eugene, 18701953.
[Coronado on the turquoise trail, knight of pueblos and plains]
Coronado, knight of pueblos and plains / Herbert E. Bolton,
p. cm.
Reprint. Originally published:
Coronado on the turquoise trail, knight of pueblos and plains. Albuquerque : University of
New Mexico Press, 1949.
Originally published in series: Coronado cuarto centennial publications, 15401940 ; v. l.
Includes bibliographical references.
ISBN 0-8263-0007-3
1. Vzquez de Coronado, Francisco, 15101549.
2. ExplorersSouthwest, NewBiography.
3. ExplorersSpainBiography.
4. SpaniardsSouthwest, NewHistory16th century.
5. Southwest, NewDiscovery and exploration.
6. Southwest, NewHistoryTo 1848.
I. Title.
E125.V3B6 1990
979.01092dc20
[B] 89-78224
CIP

Dedicated to all my good companions on the trail and to my many students who vicariously have accompanied me in my ramblings

TABLE OF CONTENTS

BY JOHN L. KESSELL

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MAPS

CORONADO IN PUEBLO LAND

CORONADO AND HIS CONTEMPORARIES

Foreword

John L. Kessell

An American premier of Franchettis opera Cristoforo Colombo, replicas of the three caravels, the Columbus Space Sail Cup, an annual paella celebration, bibliographies, conferences, and reprintsgiven our fascination with firsts, the rush to commemorate in 1992 the 500th anniversary of Christopher Columbuss fateful Caribbean landfall is in no way surprising. This time around, however, we are being asked to consider the coming together of Old World and New as a complex, on-going process and the year 1992 as a focus of evaluation and learning.

It was an earlier anniversarythe Coronado Cuarto Centennial of 1940that prompted Herbert Eugene Bolton (18701953) to write his book about Francisco Vzquez de Coronado. Like Columbus, Coronado and his steel-age explorers had invaded the world of native peoples. These Spaniards had, in fact, drawn the jagged time line between history and prehistory across half a continent. Here was a worthy first to write about. What appealed to Bolton, however, was not the biological and cultural consequences of the Coronado expedition. It was the grand adventure.

Since 1911, the energetic, enthusiastic Bolton had taught, politicked, and published at the University of California, Berkeley. He had made Spain in the Americas his specialty, practiced and preached hands-on primary research in foreign archives, trained hundreds of graduate students, and earned a national reputation. In 1932, for his presidential address to the American Historical Association, he condensed the most popular undergraduate course he taught, the History of the Americas, into a single speech, The Epic of Greater America.

Nothing animated Bolton more than teaching. My favorite sport, he called it. In 1940, however, at the age of seventy, he faced mandatory retirement. At least he would not be bored. There were a half-dozen books he wanted to write, among them the story of Coronado. Thus, late in 1939, when general editor George P. Hammond, a Bolton Ph.D. then at the University of New Mexico, suggested his mentor as the author of volume one in the Coronado Cuarto Centennial Publications, 15401940, the habitually overcommitted professor accepted with pleasure.

Hammond saw the Coronado volumes as documentary editions, each in two parts: a lengthy historical summary followed by the pertinent primary sources in English translation. For Bolton and Coronado, however, he made an exception. He split the parts. Bolton would write the history as volume one, and Hammond and his long-time collaborator, Professor Agapito Rey of Indiana University, would translate and edit the contemporary Narratives of the Coronado Expedition, 15401542 as volume two. The latter appeared first, on time, in 1940; the former, late and under awkward circumstances, not until 1949.

Bolton was a great one for historical reconnaissance. To walk where Coronado had walked and to identify, with documents in hand, which mountain pass and which gorge the expedition had braved, he believed, lent a graphic authenticity to his writing that archival research alone never could. Twice in 1940, he was in the field, tracking Coronado from the central coast of Mexico through the American Southwest to Kansas. George Hammond joined him, along with officials of the National Park Service who also intended to commemorate the Coronado Cuarto Centennial.

At work on the Coronado story that winter, the optimistic Bolton promised the manuscript to Hammond sometime in 1941. When he delivered his universitys fourth annual Bernard Moses Memorial Lecture in May 1941, El Dorado: The Coronado Expedition in Perspective, he might actually have thought he could meet that deadline.

Then came the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor, a rash of vacancies in the History Department, and Boltons return to the classroom for five consecutive semesters, from January 1942 until March 1944. At the same time, he was serving as editor-in-chief of a proposed multivolume Centennial History of California, as director of the Bancroft Library, and as a member of various committees. He took seriously his role on the commission named by the Roman Catholic Church to compile the historical record of Californias Fray Junpero Serra, another of his heroes and a candidate for sainthood.

And all the while, Coronado haunted him. Through Hammond, he received in 1943 a shipment of copies of previously unknown Coronado documents, including the judicial review of don Franciscos term as governor of Nueva Galicia. Two years earlier, Bolton had expressed concern about the appearance of another book on his subject,

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