Table of Contents
Table of Figures
List of Tables
I dedicate this book to Mom and to the loving memory of Dad,parents not blessed with the same opportunities they made sure toprovide their children.
Preface
This book deals with the subject of how to think about designing and implementing an employee survey program. I draw the ideas presented from my thirty-five years of experience of doing this work. During that time frame, I have supported organizations in almost all major industries and in most of the major economies around the world. For several years, I have wanted to record my ideas about the employee survey process and how to ensure its effectiveness, but it was not until 2002 that I developed the Strategic Survey Model. The model gave me the framework needed for organizing my thoughts and observations.
As both a researcher and a practitioner, I know the employee survey process can be a very powerful tool for organization development. In essence, this book speaks to the two elements of a survey program that most differentiate between successful and unsuccessful initiatives, the two elements that most impinge on the power of an employee survey process to bring about desired change. The first of these elements is the survey instrument itself. Does the instrument truly measure what is important to an organizations leadership? If it does, leadership will be interested in using the views of employees to drive change and strengthen the organization. If it does not, the survey results will provoke a so what and who cares reaction. Under those circumstances, nothing or very little will happen because the survey did not measure what was important and did not energize management to take action. I devote the first part of the book to reviewing why organizations conduct surveys and especially to connecting survey purpose to the overarching strategy of the organization. I present examples of how to measure most of the major topics found in employee surveys today.
The survey feedback and follow-up process is the second element that most distinguishes between successful and unsuccessful survey initiatives. Organizations should think through very carefully the process for how they will use the results of a survey, and this should occur well in advance of the launch of the survey itself. The survey feedback and action planning process is like a tool in the hands of a carpenter. Even a skilled carpenter does not master the use of a tool the first time he or she picks it up. The same is true for organizations. It takes practice to achieve proficiency in the use of the survey feedback and action planning process to drive change. Even so, the thoughtful organization can sidestep some pitfalls. Part Two of the book is devoted to laying out a time-tested and proven approach to survey feedback and action planning. I identify key pitfalls to avoid and offer suggestions for how to maximize the power of the follow-up process to strengthen the organization.
This book is not about the details of running a survey program. There are several good books available on this topic. Certainly, the lack of effective project planning can hamper if not destroy a survey initiative. One should never underestimate the importance of using sound judgment in the overall management of a survey project. This book, however, is about what I believe are the higher-order decisions: ensuring the survey program supports business strategy, that what gets measured by the survey instrument matters, and using the survey results to make lasting improvements.
Acknowledgments
There are several colleagues and coworkers to whom I am indebted. Four served as my most important mentors and had the greatest impact on my career and my way of thinking about employee surveys. The first is Rensis Likert, a patient colleague who took time, late in his career, to help a fledgling survey practitioner understand the power of the survey feedback and action planning process. The second is Walter Tornow, my supervisor at Control Data Corporation, who gave me my first opportunity to run a company-wide survey program and who cheered my efforts to place its survey results into a business framework that would resonate with our leadership team. The third is David Sirota, a survey practitioner par excellence, who guided my early thinking about what to measure in an employee survey and how to use survey results to drive organization change. The fourth is Benjamin Schneider, who taught all of us within the survey profession about how to integrate employee survey results with important measures of organizational success, especially measures of customer satisfaction.
On a day-to-day basis, there are many coworkers, both past and present, from whom I have learned. They represent some of the finest survey practitioners our field has to offer and include Scott Brooks, Bruce Campbell, Bill Erickson, Jeff Jolton, Stephanie Kendall, Kyle Lundby, Jeff Saltzman, and Sara Weiner. In the development of this book, and particularly in the quoting of norms-based research, I am grateful to my fellow researchers within the Kenexa Research Institute, Anne Herman and Brenda Kowske. For supporting the book in an overall sense, I am thankful to several Kenexa executives including Mike Dolen, Jim Donoho, Troy Kanter, Rudy Karsan, Eric Lochner, and Sarah Teten. I was able to complete this book because of the corporate support they provided. Finally, I am indebted to two coworkers who worked side by side with me in the development and editing of this book from beginning to end, Jennifer Meyer and Kara Ruder.
The Author
Jack W. Wiley, Ph.D., is founder and executive director of the Kenexa Research Institute. Dr. Wiley is recognized internationally for groundbreaking research that links employee survey results to measures of customer satisfaction and business performance. He is also the creator of WorkTrends, an international survey research program that produces results featured in both scholarly studies and the popular press worldwide. He has more than thirty years of experience consulting with organizations in the health care, financial services, manufacturing, and retail industries.
Dr. Wiley has written several articles and book chapters and has made numerous presentations to professional associations around the world. He was elected Fellow in the Society for Industrial and Organizational Psychology, the American Psychological Association, and the Association for Psychological Science, and serves on the board of directors of the Human Resources Planning Society. Wiley holds a doctorate in organizational psychology from the University of Tennessee, is a licensed consulting psychologist, and has received accreditation as a senior professional in human resources (SPHR). Prior to joining Kenexa in 2006, Dr. Wiley was the founder and CEO of Gantz Wiley Research, a survey research consulting firm specializing in employee and customer surveys for international corporate clients.
Part One
Survey Design
Chapter One
Introduction
A properly developed and implemented employee survey system can be one of the most powerful tools available to management for assessing the effectiveness of its strategy and maximizing the potential of its human capital (Schiemann and Morgan, 2006). Employees, when asked questions that are well designed, provide answers that are clear and direct and that leaders can use to understand a wide range of issues facing their organization. This is because most employees are keen observers of their work environment, want to be part of a successful organization, and are looking for ways to make their voices heard. An employee survey can be an effective method for capturing such information and can serve as the foundation for bringing about change that will position the organization for greater success in the future.