THE OXFORD HISTORY OF ENGLISH
THE OXFORD HISTORY OF
ENGLISH
Edited by
Lynda Mugglestone
Great Clarendon Street, Oxford OX2 6DP
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Editorial matter and organization Lynda Mugglestone 2006
The chapters their various authors 2006
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First published in paperback 2008
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British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
The Oxford history of the English language/edited by Lynda Mugglestone.
P. cm.
Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN-13: 978-0-19-924931-2 (alk. paper)
ISBN-10: 0-19-924931-8 (alk. paper)
1. English languageHistory. I. Mugglestone, Lynda. II. Title: History of the English language.
PE1075. o97 2006
420. 9dc22 2006013471
Data available
Typeset by SPI Publisher Services, Pondicherry, India
Printed in Great Britain
on acid-free paper by
Ashford Colour Press Ltd, Gosport, Hampshire
ISBN 978-0-19-924931-2 (Hbk)
978-0-19-954439-4 (Pbk)
1 3 5 7 9 10 8 6 4 2
ILLUSTRATIONS
ABBREVIATIONS
CEEC | Corpus of Early English Correspondence |
EDD | J. Wright (ed.), The English Dialect Dictionary: being the complete vocabulary of all dialect words still in use, or known to have been in use during the last two hundred years. 6 vols (London: Henry Froude, 18981905) |
EDS | English Dialect Society |
GVS | Great Vowel Shift |
HC | Helsinki Corpus of English Texts |
HCOS | Helsinki Corpus of Older Scots |
IPA | International Phonetic Alphabet |
LALME | A Linguistic Atlas of Late Mediaeval English eds. A. McIntosh, M. L. Samuels, and M. Benskin (Aberdeen: Aberdeen University Press, 1984) |
LSS | Linguistic Survey of Scotland |
MED | Middle English Dictionary |
OED | Oxford English Dictionary |
RP | Received Pronunciation |
SAWD | Survey of Anglo-Welsh Dialects |
SED | Survey of English Dialects |
SSBE | Standard Southern British English |
SSE | Standard Scottish English |
KEY TO PHONETIC SYMBOLS
The following gives a guide to the symbols which are most commonly used throughout the volume. Symbols not included here are chapter-specific, and are explained (with keywords) in the chapters in which they appear.
CONSONANTS
/p/ | as in pick, leap |
/b/ | as in break, bark |
/t/ | as in tea, taste |
/d/ | as in dog, wide |
/k/ | as in king, cupboard |
/f/ | as in find, laugh |
/s/ | as in sleep, pass |
/z/ | as in zest, laze |
// | as in think, teeth |
// | as in there, breathe |
// | as in ship, fish |
// | as in leisure, pleasure |
/h/ | as in history, hope |
/m/ | as in make, ham |
/n/ | as in noise, pin |
// | as in ring, think |
/r/ | as in rattle, wriggle |
/l/ | as in listen, fall |
/t/ | as in chirp, fetch |
/d/ | as in judge, jam |
/w/ | as in water, wait |
/j/ | as in yellow, young |
// | as in loch |
VOWELS
/i/ | as in bead, feet |
/I/ | as in fit, intend |
// | as in set, bend |
// | as in cat, pattern |
/U/ | as in true, food |
// | as in book, could |
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