Cy Armour - Volcanoes!

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12

TCM 14615

Level 2.2

Word Count: 387

Reading Level Correlations:

Early Intervention Level 19

Guided Reading Level J

DRA Level 20

Lexile 660L

Volcanoes can be dormant

for many years. But when the

pressure builds, watch out!

Eruptions can be a powerful

blast or a slow ooze. Explore

how volcanoes are formed

and what causes an eruption.

Volcanoes!

Volcanoes!

Cy Armour

Teacher Created Materials

5301 Oceanus Drive

Huntington Beach, CA 92649-1030

http://www.tcmpub.com

ISBN 978-1-4333-3615-7

2012 by Teacher Created Materials, Inc.

Consultant

Timothy Rasinski, Ph.D.

Kent State University

Publishing Credits

Dona Herweck Rice, Editor-in-Chief

Robin Erickson, Production Director

Lee Aucoin, Creative Director

Conni Medina, M.A.Ed., Editorial Director

Jamey Acosta, Editor

Stephanie Reid, Photo Editor

Rachelle Cracchiolo, M.S.Ed., Publisher

Image Credits

Cover & p.1 Krat/Photo Researchers, Inc.; p.3 Beboy/Shutterstock; p.4 top: Bigstock; p.4 bottom: Judex/

Shutterstock; p.5 top: Newscom; p.5 Mikhail/Shutterstock; p.6 PETER, CARSTEN/National Geographic Stock;

p.7 Hoa-Qui/Krat/Photo Researchers, Inc..; p.8 top: Bryan Busovicki/Shutterstock; p.8 bottom: Iv Nikolny/

Shutterstock; p.9 Beboy/Shutterstock; p.9 Mikhail/Shutterstock; p.10 Dorling Kindersley/Getty Images;

p.10 Mikhail/Shutterstock; p.11 Rob3000/Dreamstime; p.12 Vulkanette/Shutterstock; p.13 BSIP/Photo

Researchers, Inc.; p.14 TyBy/Shutterstock; p.15 James Steidl/iStockphoto; p.16 Mikhail/Shutterstock; p.16

Beboy/Shutterstock; p.17 CORBIS; p.18 Vulkanette/Shutterstock; p.19 Beboy/Shutterstock; p.20 mikeuk/

iStockphoto; p.20 Hiroshi Ichikawa/Shutterstock; p.20 Cartesia ; p.21 Ales Liska/Shutterstock; p.21 Neelsky/

Shutterstock; p.22 Lee Prince/Shutterstock; p.23 NASA/JPL

Based on writing from TIME For Kids.

TIME For Kids and the TIME For Kids logo are registered trademarks of TIME Inc.

Used under license.

Synched Read-Along Version by:

Triangle Interactive LLC

PO Box 573

Prior Lake, MN 55372

ISBN-13: 978-1-68444-780-0 (e-book)

Table of Contents

Volcano ........................................ 4

Why Volcanoes Happen .......... 8

Eruption! ................................... 16

Where Are Volcanoes? ........... 20

Glossary .................................... 24

Volcano

Long ago, people thought

that powerful gods lived inside

volcanoes .

When the gods were angry,

people believed they would spit

fire, ash, and lava onto the land.

The word volcano comes

from Vulcan, the Roman

god of fire.

Today, we know that

volcanoes are a part of nature.

Scientists work hard to learn

more about volcanoes and why

they happen.

Why Volcanoes Happen

A volcano starts as a big,

deep hole or crack in Earths

surface. When pressure builds,

ash, rock, gas, and magma

escape through the hole. In

time, the escaped material can

form a mountain.

Magma (MAG-muh) is

hot, melted rock.

Why does this happen?

Earth is made of layers. The

outside layer is the crust . The

crust is made of big pieces of

land called plates . The plates

move slowly against one another.

rock transformed

by heat

Plate edges are

the best places for

magma to escape.

But if plates are thin

enough, magma can

push through other

holes and cracks in

Earths crust.

plates moving

Under the crust is the

mantle . It is a thick, hot layer

of rock. Deep inside Earth, it is

so hot that the rock melts into

magma.

mantle

Earths crust

solid magma

uid magma

volcano

re escape

backbone of

the territory

Pressure and heat in the

mantle push the magma into a

magma chamber. Magma is

lighter than the crust, so it tries

to push above it.

crust

magma chamber

mantle

Finally, pressure from gases

pushes the magma through the

crust. This is called an eruption .

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12

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