Buffy Silverman - Unusual Traits: Tongue Rolling, Special Taste Sensors, and More

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12

Unusual

Traits:

Tongue Rolling,

Special Taste Sensors,

and More

Buffy Silverman

To Jake:

Eyebrow raiser,
ear wiggler, and
tongue roller
extraordinaire!

-B.S.

Copyright 2013 by Lerner Publishing Group, Inc.

All rights reserved. International copyright secured. No part of this book may be reproduced,
stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any meanselectronic, mechanical,
photocopying, recording, or otherwisewithout the prior written permission of Lerner Publishing
Group, Inc., except for the inclusion of brief quotations in an acknowledged review.

Lerner Publications Company
A division of Lerner Publishing Group, Inc.
241 First Avenue North
Minneapolis, MN 55401 U.S.A.

Website address: www.lernerbooks.com

Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data

Silverman, Buffy.
Unusual traits : tongue rolling, special taste sensors, and more / by Buffy Silverman.
p. cm. (Lightning bolt booksWhat traits are in your genes?)
Includes index.
ISBN 9780761389439 (lib. bdg. : alk. paper)
ISBN 9781467700870 (eBook)
1. Human geneticsVariationJuvenile literature. I. Title.
QH431.S624 2013
599.93'5dc23 2011045553

Manufactured in the United States of America
2 CG 1/1/13

Table of Contents

Traits

Look at these children.
Each child looks different.

Our differences are called
traits. People have many
different traits.

Eye color is a trait.
Height is a trait too.

Your body has directions for
traits. These directions are
called genes.

You follow directions to build a model. Genes are directions for your body.

Genes tell your body how to
work and grow.

You got your
genes from your birth parents.

Birth parents are related to a child. Adoptive parents bring a child
into their family and become the
childs parents.

Genes come in pairs. One of
each pair came from your mom.
The other came from your dad.

Your genes make you
different from other
people.

Every person is different.
But we also share many
traits. We run on two legs.
We use our hands to draw.

People have more in common with one another than they do with dogs and other animals.

Can You
Taste This?

Do you have freckles? Traits
such as freckles are easy to see.

Other traits are hidden. You
might like different foods than
your friend. You cant tell that
by looking at each other.

Do you like broccoli?

If not, your genes may be the
reason. A chemical called PTC is
in broccoli. Your genes control
whether you can taste PTC.

The gene for tasting PTC comes
in two forms. The different
forms of a gene are called
alleles. One allele makes PTC
taste bitter. The other allele
doesnt react to PTC.

If you have two copies of the allele that doesnt react to PTC, you do not taste it.

These kids are licking paper
with PTC. One thinks yuck!
He has an allele that lets
him taste PTC. The other kid
cannot taste it.

People test their genes for PTC by tasting special paper. This boy doesnt like the taste.

This boy got an allele from his
mom for tasting PTC. His dad
passed along an allele that
doesnt react to PTC. The PTC-
tasting allele takes control.
The boy can taste PTC.

This boy thinks broccoli tastes bitter.

You might not like
broccoli. But someday
you may like it.
Some people
learn to like
new tastes.

Can You
Do This?

Try to
roll your
tongue
into a
U- shape.
Can you
do it? Or
does your
tongue
stay flat?

Genes play a part in tongue
rolling. Many people roll
their tongues easily. Others
can roll their tongues a little.

Some people cannot roll
their tongues.

Sometimes people
can learn to roll their
tongues with practice.
Scientists arent sure how
genes control this trait.

Can you read the word on the
truck below? This is called
mirror writing.

The word
appears normal in a
mirror.

Very few people can
write like this.

In mirror writing, the letters are backward. But drivers can clearly read the word on this truck when they see it in their rearview mirrors.

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