David Armentrout - What Are Planets?

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12

2018 Blue Door Publishing, Florida. dba Blue Door Education

All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced or used in any form or by any

means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or by any informa-

tion storage and retrieval system without permission in writing from the publisher.

Written by David and Patricia Armentrout

e-book ISBN 978-1-947632-39-4

Photo credits:

Cover Macrovector; page 4-5 Linda Brotkorb; page 6-7 Macrovector; page 8-9, 10-

11 Aphelleon; page 12 and 13 Dotted Yeti, page14 and 15 MarcelClemens; page

16-17 SkyPics Studio; page 18-19 Vadim Sadovski; All images from Shutterstock.

com except page 20-21 NASA Ames/SETI Institute/JPL-Caltech and page 22-23

NASA Ames/ W Stenzel

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What Is a Planet?

Not all scientists agree on the denition of

a

planet

, but many follow three rules.

Rule 1:

A planet is an object in space that

orbits

, or

travels around, a star.

Rule 2:

A planet must be nearly round.

Rule 3:

A planet cannot share its orbit with a

smaller object.

Sun

Following those rules, there are eight

planets that orbit our Sun: Mercury,

Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn,

Uranus, and Neptune.

There is only one star

in our solar system

we call it the Sun.

Rocky Planets

Mercury, Venus, Earth, and Mars are the

terrestrial planets

in our

solar system

.

Sun

They have solid rocky outer layers and metal

inner layers.

Terrestrial planets

are also called rocky

planets.

Giant Planets

Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune are giant

planets. Jupiter and Saturn are gas giants. They

are mostly made up of gases.

Jupiter is the largest planet in our solar

system. Its famous Great Red Spot is a storm

that rotates counterclockwise.

If you look through a telescope at Saturn,

you can see its rings. The rings are made up

of ice and rock.

Uranus

Uranus and Neptune are ice giants. Their

surfaces are mostly ice.

Neptune

Of all the planets, Uranus gets the coldest, even

though Neptune is the farthest from the Sun.

Sun

Dwarf Planets

Beyond Neptune is the

Kuiper Belt

, home to

several dwarf planets. Unlike a planet, a dwarf

planet shares its orbit with smaller objects.

The Kuiper Belt is

lled

with

icy

objects

left over from when

the solar system was

formed.

Some scientists believe

there are at least

more dwarf planets

in our solar system,

and thousands more

beyond the Kuiper Belt.

Pluto was once known as our ninth planet. In

2006, Pluto was grouped with other dwarf planets.

Thats because it shares its orbit with smaller

objects in the Kuiper Belt.

Pluto

Exoplanets

An exoplanet is a planet that orbits a star

outside our solar system. Scientists have

conrmed more than 3,000 exoplanets

using land- and space - based telescopes.

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