Rod L. Evans Ph.D. - Every Good Boy Deserves Fudge

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Table of Contents

Wow! I have never found learning so easy and fascinating. I believe this volume will be invaluable to any student who is interested in taking considerably less time to study, fascinating to trivia buffs, and engrossing to the lay public who might never expect to encounter in one book the nuts and bolts of so many different walks of life. This is a keeper.

Joe Edley, Three-Time U.S. National Scrabble Champion (1980, 1992, 2000)

While Rod Evanss book will be valuable to introductory students in numerous disciplines, it will be particularly valuable as a model for inventing ones own mnemonics.

Joel Wapnick, 1999 World Scrabble Champion, 1998 Canadian National Scrabble Champion, 1983 U.S. National Scrabble Champion

Instructive and entertaining!

Edwin Newman, longtime NBC News correspondent, author ofStrictly SpeakingandA Civil Tongue

If theres a mnemonic device Rod Evans has missed, good luck finding it. There are more than a few in Every Good Boy Deserves Fudge that Ill be using next time Jeopardy! comes calling.

Brad Rutter, winner ofJeopardy!2001 Tournament of Champions, the Million Dollar Masters Tournament,
and the Ultimate Tournament of Champions

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

My deep thanks go to my literary agents, Sheree Bykofsky and Janet Rosen; my editor at Perigee, Meg Leder; the managing editor at Perigee, Jennifer Eck; the copyeditor for this book, Candace Levy; my friends who helped edit the typescript, Justin Gruver, Abbott Saks, and the polymathic Curtis Brooks; and my good friend and extraordinary administrative assistant, Robin Hudgins. My thanks go also to Dr. David Robinson, Mnemonics & More for Psychiatry; Stan Cody, Teaching Out of the Box; Jim Sarris, Comic Mnemonics: A Fun, Easy Way to Remember Spanish Verbs; Bart Benne and Rowman & Littlefield, Waspleg and Other Mnemonics; Meish Goldish and Scholastic Inc., Memory-Boosting Songs for Content Area Learning; Geoff Kuenning; and Steve Brgge, Albuquerques Eisenhower Middle School.

This book has been enriched by the hard work of many people. I am deeply grateful.

INTRODUCTION MNEMONICS

A mnemonic, or mnemonic device, is a technique or strategy for improving or strengthening memory. The word mnemonic comes from Mnemosyne, the name of one of the Titans in Greek mythology. The Titans were a race of giants who warred against the gods. Mnemosyne, whose name relates to the Greek mnemonikos (mindful), was courted by Zeus, the king of the gods. She bore him nine daughters, the Muses, four of whom were Muses of poetry. Before writing was invented, poets needed prodigious memories. Zeus was attracted to Mnemosyne when he wanted a way to record the triumphs of the gods. Together Zeus and Mnemosyne produced the nine Muses, whose specialties (music, poetry of different kinds, history, and astronomy) inspire mnemonics today.

Although some people scoff at mnemonics, these devices have proved extremely effective in helping people remember not only historic dates, spelling, and geography but also science, law, and medicineand numerous other fields. Mnemonic devices are almost as old as Mnemosyne herself. Legend has it that the Greek poet Simonides was an early mnemonist who was able to visualize where guests were sitting at a party he had attended. That ability came in handy because after he left one such gathering, the roof of the building fell in, requiring someone to identify the crushed bodies.

Roman mnemonists were able to remember their speeches by associating various points in their talks with familiar pieces of furniture in their homes or familiar buildings on some streets. As they delivered their speeches, they imagined these rooms, buildings, or streets and were able to remember the ideas they had associated with each item.

In the Middle Ages, when illiteracy was widespread, people used visual symbols to embody object lessons. Accordingly, the seven deadly sins were represented by a lion (pride), a serpent (envy), a bear (sloth), a fox (greed), a swine (gluttony), a unicorn (anger), and a scorpion (lust). Todays mnemonicswhich emphasize rhymes, acrostics (Every good boy deserves fudge), and acronyms (HOMES for the Great Lakes)came into prominence especially when English schoolboys had to memorize a host of things, including the kings of England and Latin grammar.

The idea behind mnemonic devices is simple: to connect what is unfamiliar to what is familiar. For example, the word mnemonic itself can be recalled by thinking of a memorable sentence, say, Mom needs easy methods of noting important content. Note that the first letter of each word, when put together, forms the word mnemonic. Generations of students have learned the Great Lakes by recalling HOMES, an acronym for Huron, Ontario, Michigan, Erie, and Superior. Once people are familiar with the names of the Great Lakes, they can use mnemonic devices to recall the lakes in order of descending surface area: Sams horse must eat oats. Its a great deal easier to recall that sentence than to remember the names of the lakes in a particular sequenceSuperior, Huron, Michigan, Erie, and Ontariowithout a mnemonic device.

HOW TO CREATE EFFECTIVE MNEMONICS

Often the sillier and more ridiculous the mnemonic device, the better. Anatomy students who need to know the branches of the facial nerve will find the sentence Teddy Zuckers bowels move constantly a great deal easier to remember than the individual terms temporal, zygomatic, buccal, mandibular, and cervical. An effective but less gross mnemonic could be Ten zebras bought my car.

Similarly, consider these sentences:

Camels often sit down carefully.

Perhaps their joints creak.

Possibly early oiling might prevent permanent rheumatism.

Such ridiculous sentences have helped countless students recall the following geological time periods: Cambrian, Ordovician, Silurian, Devonian, Carboniferous, Permian, Triassic, Jurassic, Cretaceous, Paleocene, Eocene, Oligocene, Miocene, Pliocene, Pleistocene, and Recent.

THE MOST POPULAR MNEMONICS

Most mnemonics today fall into one of four classes: acrostic sentences, acronyms, rhymes, or wordplay. Acrostic mnemonics are sentences in which the first letter of each word is the first letter of one of the things you need to remember. Acrostics are best when they are funny, ridiculous, or gross. Those that are funny and that describe something easy to visualize are ideal, as when one visualizes the earlier-mentioned arthritic camels or Teddy Zucker, the guy with the overactive bowels. Acrostics are especially useful for long lists of things whose names dont begin with vowels. A famous acrostic for the planets Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune, and Pluto is My very energetic mother just served us nine pizzas, which can be replaced by

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