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Fitzgerald - Learning Ruby

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Learning Ruby: summary, description and annotation

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Learning Ruby; How This Book Works; About the Examples; How This Book Is Organized; Conventions Used in This Book; Comments and Questions; Safari Enabled; Acknowledgments; 1. Ruby Basics; Shebang!; Issue a System Command; Appending a String; Multiply; Inserting a Shell Command; Using a Variable; Expression Substitution; Formatting a String; The eval Method and -e Option; Getting Input from the Keyboard; Methods; The block; The each Method; The proc; XML; The Class; The Tk Toolkit; Editing and Running Ruby in TextMate; Interactive Ruby; Resources; Installing Ruby.;You dont have to know everything about a car to drive one, and you dont need to know everything about Ruby to start programming with it. Written for both experienced and new programmers alike, Learning Ruby is a just-get-in-and-drive book -- a hands-on tutorial that offers lots of Ruby programs and lets you know how and why they work, just enough to get you rolling down the road.

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Learning Ruby
Michael Fitzgerald
Editor
Simon St. Laurent

Copyright 2008 Michael Fitzgerald

OReilly Media Dedication Robert Wayne Darrah 1950-2006 Till we meet - photo 1

O'Reilly Media

Dedication

Robert Wayne Darrah

1950-2006

Till we meet again

A Note Regarding Supplemental Files

Supplemental files and examples for this book can be found at http://examples.oreilly.com/9780596529864/. Please use a standard desktop web browser to access these files, as they may not be accessible from all ereader devices.

All code files or examples referenced in the book will be available online. For physical books that ship with an accompanying disc, whenever possible, weve posted all CD/DVD content. Note that while we provide as much of the media content as we are able via free download, we are sometimes limited by licensing restrictions. Please direct any questions or concerns to .

Preface

Ruby has gotten a lot of attention since the appearance of Ruby on Rails, the web application framework written in Ruby. The attention is way past due. Ruby has been around as long as Java but enjoyed only limited attention outside of Japan until around 2000. In the last few years, Ruby's popularity has steadily grown, and with good reason.

Who Should Read This Book?

Generally, I figure two kinds of readers will buy this book: experienced programmers who want to learn Ruby, and new programmers who want to learn to program. I have the interesting job of catering to both while trying not to tick off either. It's a balancing act, and this is how I'll handle it: I am going to address you as if you are already a competent programmer, but I'll also provide plenty of help for beginners, mostly in the form of notes or sidebars. I'll let you know when you can skip a section if you are already a heavy hitter.

If you're a fairly experienced programmer, you might just want to read the code examples first, from the beginning of the book to the end, skimming the explanations surrounding the examples as needed. You should be able to see what's going on fairly quickly just by keeping your eyes on the code. The code is laid out in a more or less logical fashion (to me at least), so you should be able to figure out Ruby in fairly short order. If you are new to programming, I have attempted to make your job a little easier by explaining things as I go along.

How This Book Works

Do you have to know everything about a car before you start driving? Did you have to know anything about fuel injection, combustion, or timing belts to drive? Of course not.

It's the same with programming in a new language. I am going to show you lots of Ruby programs, many of them just one-liners, and then tell you how and why they workjust enough to get you rolling down the road. I take this approach because I believe we do most of our learning by observing, imitating, and playing. I plan to do a lot of that in this book.

You should know up front that this is a just-get-in-and-drive book. In other words, you can drive a car even if you don't know whether its got six or eight cylinders.

David Heinemeier Hansson, inventor of Ruby on Rails, said something I like: "People learn by changing a little thing, reloading, and seeing the change." He's right on. That's my experience: over the years I have learned more by hacking code than by reading about it.

I also move as quickly as possible, not getting bogged down in the quicksand of details. The details will come in time, as they are needed; the main thing I want to give you now is forward movement and momentum.

If you just follow along with what I'm doing, running the programs and altering them to your taste, you'll learn quickly. The more you run these programs, the more fluency you'll develop, and before long, you'll start thinking and even dreaming in Ruby. Then you'll just take off on your own.

The latest stable version at the time I am writing this is 1.8.6. That's the version I'll be using. You can probably get along using an older version, but unless you have 1.8.6 or later installed, I can't guarantee that all the programs in this book will work as advertised, though they most likely will.

About the Examples

I think we learn best by observing what others do, then imitating what we observe. That's how we learn as children, anyway. And that's why you'll find code examplesto observe and imitateon nearly every page of this book.

Many of the examples are available for download from http://www.oreilly.com/catalog/9780596529864. The idea is that you will have enough examples in your hands to start most of the basic programming tasks.

How This Book Is Organized

Learning Ruby is organized into 11 chapters. A brief synopsis of each follows:

Introduces many Ruby basics, such as where to get Ruby, how to install it, and how to run a large cross-section of programs to enable you to start using Ruby immediately.

Gallops over the Ruby terrain at a brisk pace, covering briefly the most important features of Ruby.

Explains and demonstrates how to use conditionals (like if and while) in Ruby, including looping mechanisms.

Introduces how to manipulate strings in Ruby (includes a section on regular expressions).

Shows you how to use operators, basic math functions, functions from the Math module, rational numbers, etc.

Talks you through Ruby arrays.

Demonstrates hashes in detail.

Reveals how to process files with Ruby, including reading and writing files, and so on.

Discusses Ruby classes in detail, including a tiny introduction to object-oriented programming (OOP), instance variables, instance methods, class variables, class methods, modules, and mixins.

Introduces a variety of topics of interest, including RubyGems, reflection, metaprogramming, exception handling, and more.

Gets you acquainted with some of the essentials of Rails and includes a short tutorial. (You have to give credit to Ruby on Rails for improving the visibility of Ruby.)

Presents all the reference material from the book in one location.

Provides answers to the review questions found at the end of the chapters (more than 100 questions and answers).

Provides a list of terms related to Ruby programming and their definitions.

Conventions Used in This Book

The following font conventions are used in this book:

Italic is used for:

  • Pathnames and filenames (such as program names)

  • Internet addresses, such as domain names and URLs

  • New terms where they are defined, or for emphasis

Constant width is used for:

  • Command lines and options that should be typed verbatim in a file or in irb

  • Names and keywords in Ruby programs, including method names, variable names, and class names

Constant width italic is used for:

  • User-supplied values

Constant width bold is used to:

  • Draw attention to parts of programs

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Comments and Questions

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