Jackson - Android Apps for Absolute Beginners
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Anybody can start building simple apps for the Android platform, and this book will show you how! Recently updated to include Android Jelly Bean, Android Apps for Absolute Beginners, Second Edition takes you through the process of getting your first Android apps up and running using plain English and practical examples. This book cuts through the fog of jargon and mystery that surrounds Android apps development, and gives you simple, step-by-step instructions to get you started. Teaches Android application development in language anyone can understand, giving you the best possible start in Android development Provides simple, step-by-step examples that make learning easy, allowing you to pick up the concepts without fuss Offers clear code descriptions and layout so that you can get your apps running as soon as possible This book is Android Jelly Bean compliant, but is backwards compatible to most of the previous Android releases. What youll learn Get yourself and your computer set up for Android apps development Use the Eclipse programming environment to make your Android development efficient and straightforward Follow steps in plain English to build simple apps and get them working immediately Style your application so that it appeals to potential users Make use of the Androids touch screen Use shortcuts and cheat sheets to create apps the easy way Use the basics of Java and XML to move onto more advanced apps Who this book is for If you have a great idea for an Android app, but have never programmed before, then this book is for you. You dont need to have any previous computer programming skills--as long as you have a desire to learn, and you know which end of the mouse is which, the world of Android apps development awaits!
Jackson: author's other books
Who wrote Android Apps for Absolute Beginners? Find out the surname, the name of the author of the book and a list of all author's works by series.
Kristin Marsicano
Trebilcox-Ruiz
Dharma Amit Dilip
Marsicano Kristin
Feipeng Liu
Wallace Jackson
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Wallace Jackson 2017
Wallace Jackson Android Apps for Absolute Beginners 10.1007/978-1-4842-2268-3_11. An Introduction to Android 7.0 Nougat
Wallace Jackson 1
(1)
Lompoc, California, USA
These days, you will see Android OS powered devices of every size and shape everywhere you look. They can be worn on your person, thanks to Android WEAR; used in an appliance, thanks to Android TV; and they are a part of your car, thanks to Android AUTO. Android devices will provide you entertainment in your living room taking the form of your iTV set; help you learn at school using a tablet; inform you in bed using an e-book reader; or excite you on the couch using an Android game console, such as the OUYA, the Razer Forge, or the nVidia Shield.
In this chapter, we will explore some basic history regarding Googles Android operating system (OS) , to give you a high-level overview of the history of Android. We will look at the benefits of learning Android application development , and which open source programming languages and OSs Android is based upon. We will look at the percentage distribution amongst the different Android versions, and the new features in Android 7.0 Nougat.
The History of the Android OS: An Impressive Growth
The Android OS was originally created by Andy Rubin to be an OS for mobile phones. This happened around the dawn of the 21st century. In July of 2005, Google acquired Android and made Andy Rubin the Senior Vice President of Mobile Platforms for Google, where he remained until November of 2014. Many feel this acquisition of Android OS by Google was largely in response to the appearance of Apples iPhone around that same time. However, there were enough other large players, such as RIM Blackberry, Nokia Symbian, and Microsoft Windows Mobile, that it was deemed to be a savvy business decision for Google to purchase the engineering talent of Android Incorporated along with its Android OS intellectual property. This allowed Google to insert their Internet search engine company into the emerging mobile market, which many now refer to as Internet 2.0 .
Internet 2.0, or the Mobile Internet , allows users of consumer electronic products to access content via widely varied data networks, using portable consumer electronic devices. These currently include tablets, smartphones, phablets (a phone-tablet hybrid), game consoles, smartwatches, smartglasses, personal robots, drones, cameras, and e-book e-readers. These days, Android OSbased devices will also include those not-so-portable consumer electronics devices such as iTV sets, home media centers, automobile dashboards, automobile stereos, music players, home appliances, home control installations, and digital signage system set-top boxes.
This ever-growing Android phenomenon puts new media content such as games, 3D animation, interactive television, digital video, digital audio, e-books, and high-definition imagery into our lives at every turn. Android is one of those popular open source vehicles (others being HTML5 and JavaFX) that digital artists will increasingly leverage in order to be able to develop new media creations that their end users have never before experienced. Over the past decade, Android has matured and evolved, to become a stable, exceptionally reliable, embedded open source OS. An Android OS that started out with its initial version just a decade ago, once acquired by Google, has released stable OS versions 1.5, 1.6, 2.0, 2.1, 2.2, 2.37, 3.0, 3.1, 3.2, 3.3, 4.0, 4.1, 4.2, 4.3, 4.4, 5.0, 5.1, and 6.0.
As of the writing of this book, Android 7.1.1 is in beta, with a projected release in Q1 of 2017. Android 7.1.1 should show up in 64-bit Android devices in 2017 and 2018. If you want to see the latest statistics regarding each of the previous Android OS revisions, directly from the Android developer website, you should visit this URL :
http://developer.android.com/about/dashboards/index.html
Table shows this progression of all the popular versions of Android OS that have been installed on popular embedded OS consumer electronics products over the past decade. I wanted to collect all of this Android OS information together into one single infographic for you, so that you could get a birds eye view of the current historic progression of the Android OS. As you can see, there are certain Android market share sweet spots. In case youre wondering what an embedded OS is, its like having an entire personal computer on a motherboard thats small enough to fit in a handheld device, and which is powerful enough to run applications, or apps.
Table 1-1.
Released Android OS Versions, Their Internal OS Names, API Levels, and Current Market Share
VERSION | CODENAME | API LEVEL | MARKET SHARE |
|---|---|---|---|
1.5 | Cupcake | Less than 0.1% | |
1.6 | Donut | Less than 0.1% | |
2.0, 2.1 | Eclair | 5, 6, 7 | Less than 0.1% |
2.2 | Froyo | Less than 0.1% | |
2.3.7 | Gingerbread | 9, 10 | 2.0% (Kindle Fire) |
3.0, 3.1, 3.2 | Honeycomb | 11, 12, 13 | Less than 0.1% |
4.0, 4.0.4 | Ice Cream Sandwich | 14, 15 | 1.0% |
4.1.2 | Jelly Bean | 6.8% | |
4.2.2 | Jelly Bean Plus | 9.4% | |
4.3.1 | Jelly Bean Plus | 2.7% | |
4.4.4, 4.4W | Kit Kat | 19, 20 | 31.6% |
5.0 | Lollipop | 15.4% | |
5.1 | Lollipop | 20.0% | |
6.0 | Marshmallow | 10.1% | |
7.0 and 7.1.1 | Nougat | 24 and 25 | Less than 0.1% (so far) |
Just like todays personal computers and laptops, the Internet 2.0 devices, such as smartphones, tablets, e-readers, smartwatches, and iTV sets, now feature quad-core (4 CPU) and even octa-core (8 CPU) computer processing power, as well as two gigabytes of system memory. This is approaching the power of a modern-day PC, such as the workstation you are going to set up during the next chapter of this book, which you can get for $500 at Walmart. Mini-tower PCs feature octa-core 64-bit processors along with 6GB or 8GB of system memory, and a 750GB (or larger) hard disk drive with Windows 10, Fedora 24, or Ubuntu Mate 17.04.
The Android OS contains the power of a complete computer OS. It is based on the Linux Kernel open source platform, and Oracle (formerly Sun Microsystems) Java 8 Standard Edition , one of the worlds most popular programming languages. Android 5 and 6 also use a 64-bit Linux Kernel, along with the Java 7 Standard Edition.
Note
This term open source refers to software that has been developed collaboratively, usually by an open community of individuals, and is freely available for commercial use (or non-commercial use). Open source software also comes with all the source code , so that it can be further modified, if necessary. The Android OS is open source, though Google develops it internally before releasing the source code. From that point on, the source code is freely available for commercial use by software developers.
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