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Ray Lischner - Delphi in a Nutshell

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Ray Lischner Delphi in a Nutshell
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With a new name and a new focus on CORBA, database drivers, and Microsoft Back Office applications, Inprise/Borland Delphi is enjoying a resurgence, with a growing user base of programmers who use Delphi for rapid development of enterprise computing applications. Not to rest on success, the latest version of Delphi, Version 5, includes further expansion and refinement of the 3-tier application framework introduced in Delphi 4 and has resulted in a prize-winning product.

Delphi in a Nutshell is the first concise reference to Borland/Inprise Delphi available. It succinctly collects all the information you need in one easy-to-use, complete, and accurate volume that goes beyond the product documentation itself.

Delphi in a Nutshell starts with the Delphi object model and how to use RTTI (Run Time Type Information) for efficient programming. The rest of the book is the most complete Delphi Pascal language reference available in print, detailing every...

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Delphi in a Nutshell
Ray Lischner
Beijing Cambridge Farnham Kln Sebastopol Tokyo A Note Regarding Supplemental - photo 1

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A Note Regarding Supplemental Files

Supplemental files and examples for this book can be found at http://examples.oreilly.com/9781565926592/. Please use a standard desktop web browser to access these files, as they may not be accessible from all ereader devices.

All code files or examples referenced in the book will be available online. For physical books that ship with an accompanying disc, whenever possible, weve posted all CD/DVD content. Note that while we provide as much of the media content as we are able via free download, we are sometimes limited by licensing restrictions. Please direct any questions or concerns to .

Preface

Borlands Delphi is a combination of a modern programminglanguage, an integrated development environment (IDE), and the visualcomponent library (VCL). Delphis IDE is readily familiar toanyone who has used similar tools. For example, a WYSIWYG form editorlets you design a window visually, with drag-and-drop ease. Moreimportant, the framework is object-oriented, extensible andcustomizable, due to the power and flexibility of the Delphiprogramming language.

The heart of Delphi is the Delphi Pascal programming language, whichhas key features to support the IDE and VCL. It has all the power ofa modern object-oriented language, along with the elegance andsimplicity of Pascal.

Delphi in a Nutshell is a comprehensivereference manual for Delphi Pascal. It covers the entire language,and it also highlights ways to use the language effectively.Experienced Delphi programmers can use this book as an alphabeticalreference. Newcomers to Delphi should spend extra time with the firstfew chapters. I hope that everyone will find something of value inthese pages.

Not Your Fathers Pascal

Delphi Pascal is one of many object-oriented variants of Pascal. Overthe years, Delphi has evolved and is no longer recognizable as thePascal you used in school all those many years ago. In addition tounit-based modular programming and a robust class model, DelphiPascal has a number of other modern language features, including thefollowing:

  • Interfaces (similar to Java and COM interfaces)

  • Unicode strings

  • Properties

  • Exception handling

Delphi started as a Windows programming language and environment, andmany Delphi programmers (myself included) consider Delphi to be thebest Windows development tool available. Delphi includes full supportfor COM and ActiveX, an object-oriented widget library (called theVisual Component Library, or VCL), and a rapid-applicationdevelopment environment that is extensible and customizable.

Delphi for Linux

As I write this, Borland is hard at work porting Delphi to Linux.Perhaps when you read this, Delphi for Linux will be available,bringing its integrated development environment to X-Windows,including its WYSIWYG form editor, multi-tier database support, andfull CORBA support.

Until Borland finishes this work and releases Delphi for Linux, I canonly speculate about how the final product will look. (No, Idont get any special inside information.) You can rely on thecore language being the same in both Delphi for Linux and Delphi forWindows, including classes, objects, interfaces, strings, dynamicarrays, exceptions, and the basic data types. Most of the built-insubroutines will work the same under Linux as under Windows.

Some language features described in this book are clearly Windowsspecific, such as the CmdShow andDllProc variables or theFindHInstance function. If you want to write codethat is portable between Windows and Linux, you must avoid theseWindows-specific features.

Delphi for Windows is the best development environment for writingWindows applications and libraries. To attain this premier position,Delphi has incorporated a number of Windows-specific features.Borland has a goal of making Delphi for Linux the best Linuxdevelopment environment. To achieve that goal, we can expect Delphito include some Linux-specific features.

Im just guessing, but I believe it will be feasible to writecode that is portable between Windows and Linux. However, you willhave to sacrifice some features that are unique to each environment.Writing components that are easily portable, especially interactivecontrols, will probably be a daunting task. Making an applicationthat is portable will most likely be easier.

About This Book

The first four chapters of this book present information on how touse Delphi effectively, and subsequent chapters form the languagereference proper.

to learn about the new and niftyfeatures in Delphi Pascal. You might be surprised at how far thelanguage has come over the years.

to learn thedifferences between Delphi and other languages, such as Java and C++.

tells you everything there is to know aboutRTTI, and then some.

, is about using Delphi in a modern,multithreaded, multiprocessor world. Delphi includes several languagefeatures to help you write multithreaded applications, but thesefeatures can be difficult to use if you do not have much experiencewith the tricks and traps of multithreaded programming. This chaptergets you started using Delphi effectively to write modernapplications.

, is the bulk of the book. Thealphabetical reference lists every keyword, directive, subroutine,type, and variable in the Delphi Pascal language and its systemunits. Full examples show you how to use the language correctly andeffectively.

is large enough without adding theseliterals. Moving them to a separate chapter makes the completereference easier to use.

, describes all the arithmetic and otheroperators in Delphi Pascal. Symbols do not alphabetize well, solisting the symbol operators in their own chapter makes it easier tofind information about a particular operator.

, lists all the special comments that youcan include in your source code to control how Delphi compiles andlinks your program.

, describes the usage and options for thevarious command-line tools that come with Delphi. These tools are notrelated to the Delphi Pascal language, but they are often overlookedand can be extremely useful for the Delphi professional.

, lists all the subroutines, types, andvariables in the SysUtils unit. This unit is notbuilt into the compiler (as the System unit is).It is not part of the Delphi Pascal language, but is part ofDelphis runtime library. Nonetheless, many Delphiprofessionals have come to rely on SysUtils asthough it were part of the language, and indeed, many subroutines inSysUtils are superior to their equivalents in theSystem unit (such as AnsiPosinstead of Pos).

Conventions Used in This Book

The following typographical conventions are used in this book:

Constant width

Used for Delphi identifiers and symbols, including all keywords anddirectives. In the language reference, constant width shows thesyntax elements that must be used exactly as shown. For example, thearray declaration requires the square brackets and other symbols, andthe type, array, andof keywords to be used as shown:

type Name = array[Indextype, ...] of Basetype;
Constant width italic
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