Martin Walsh - Gravity and the Grand Energy Unification

The construct of time, a forward time frame described by Stephen Hawking, Into the Universe with Stephen Hawking The Theory of Everything.

Fusing space and time into four dimensions vs three dimensions and time.

Definition: In physics, space-time is any mathematical model that fuses the three dimensions of space and the one dimension of time into a single four-dimensional continuum.

A mathematical structure on which special relativity is formulated differs to Euclids proposal. While the individual components in Euclidean space and time may differ due to length contraction and time dilation in Minkowski space-time, all frames of reference will agree on the total distance in space-time between events. From space between galaxies to the space between nuclei and the K shell, first inner electron shell.

The idea of adding a four-dimensional concept, not only but noted by Jean le Rond dAlembert in the mid-1700 and later by Minkowski and Einstein. Rather than explain what dAlembert, Minkowski and Einstein proposed mathematically, literal physical examples nature provides will be stated. With this only, self-evident truths are put forward. Adhering to Newtons three laws of motion and the conservation of energy law.

Rene Descartes, The first thing was never to accept anything for true, which I did not clearly know to be as such; that is to say; carefully to avoid precipitancy and prejudice and to comprise nothing more in my own judgement that was presented to my mind so clearly and distinctly as to exclude all grounds of doubt.

Manifold:

Euclidean space and time 1.

Minkowski space-time 2.

Euclid of Alexandria, fourth century B.C. is referred to as the Father of geometry. His first general axiom is as follows, Things, which are equal to the same thing, are equal to each other. From the Euclidean and Minkowski propositions are two items, space and time and geometry and time. Being that Euclids first general axiom is correct, logic from this will define whether geometry and time are equal and if space and time can be space-time.

Four dimensions noted as x, y, z, geometry and time. The geometric propositions x, y, z is explained to a quantifiable place and useful. The fourth, time, needs clarification.

Noted are certain aspects from the construct of time, a forward time frame as described by Stephen Hawking, Into the Universe The Theory of Everything.

Directly after the Big Bang with the fog of energy (f.o.e, Hawking reference) as it was to our understanding, we realise that space does not need energy/matter (e/m) to be a space, however e/m needs space to exist how it does for e/m to function how it has and currently does. The structure of space (s.o.s) and e/m from one f.o.e into relevant parts. Both are sealed in what they are, from what they were. From e/m to a black hole (sphere, this is explained later), to the s.o.s with its size and recognition of actual space. If space is to be quantified as a vacuum then the recognition of this strength also. The energy needed to create; a constantly expanding in size with space and possible vacuum strength, essentially increasing of no new turnover of energy and action, the Big Bang seems extremely unlikely and against the conservation of energy law.

The f.o.e had nowhere to initially exist and the only reference frame was existence or non-existence. The s.o.s, now post energy of the f.o.e, can be defined as dark energy with function. The action to the s.o.s was achieved almost instantaneously after the Big Bang. As Stephen Hawking stated, The f.o.e before the big bang had nowhere to exist so viewing it from the outside was impossible, and For roughly 330,000 years, the energy cooled and formed to its current state. During this time the s.o.s being nowhere before, is everywhere now (one of the first paradoxes). This time frame is before the structuring of any galaxy so we cannot now say an expanding universe, and this action is also moving all galaxies from each other. There was not also an area created for space to expand into and a constant turnover of energy, this was the Big Bang. The Big Bang event renovated the f.o.e, in this action the fog has gone into the s.o.s, literally space and e/m with the conservation of energy law between the two. The post energy (structure), dark energy is unobtainable past its functions and set in form existing in finality. The remaining energy was transformed into current matter of the standard model of particle physics.