Naval Education - Introduction to Alternating Current and Transformers

NONRESIDENTTRAININGCOURSENavy Electricity andElectronics TrainingSeriesModule 2Introduction toAlternating Current andTransformersNAVEDTRA 14174DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT A: Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited.Sailors Creed I am a United States Sailor. I will support and defend the Constitution of the United States of America and I will obey the orders of those appointed over me. I represent the fighting spirit of the Navy and those who have gone before me to defend freedom and democracy around the world. I proudly serve my countrys Navy combat team with honor, courage and commitment. I am committed to excellence and the fair treatment of all. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT A: Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited.PREFACE By enrolling in this self-study course, you have demonstrated a desire to improve yourself and the Navy.

Remember, however, this self-study course is only one part of the total Navy training program. Practical experience, schools, selected reading, and your desire to succeed are also necessary to successfully round out a fully meaningful training program. COURSE OVERVIEW: Subjects of alternating current, inductance, capacitance, inductive and capacitive reactance, and transformers are presented to give the student background information on topics that may be encountered in daily work. T H E C O U R S E: T h i s s e l f - s t u d y c o u r s e i s o r g a n i z e d i n t o s u b j e ct mat t e r a r e a s , e a c h c o nt a in in g l e a r ni ng o bj e c t iv e s to h e lp y ou det e r mi n e w h a t y ou sho ul d l e a rn a l on g wi th t e x t an d i l lu s t r at io n s to h e lp y ou u nd e r st a nd t h e in f or m a t i on. T h e s u bj e c t ma t t e r reflects day-to-day requirements and experiences of personnel in the rating or skill area. THE QUESTIONS: The questions that appear in this course are designed to help you understand the material in the text. VALUE: In completing this course, you will improve your military and professional knowledge. VALUE: In completing this course, you will improve your military and professional knowledge.

Importantly, it can also help you study for the Navy-wide advancement in rate examination. If you are studying and discover a reference in the text to another publication for further information, look it up. 1998 Edition Prepared byDSC Ray A. JacksonCorrections and minor modifications prepared inJanuary 2003 byETC Craig Reidl Published by NAVAL EDUCATION AND TRAINING PROFESSIONAL DEVELOPMENT AND TECHNOLOGY CENTER NAVSUP Logistics Tracking Number0504-LP-026-8270 i TABLE OF CONTENTSCHAPTERPAGE 1. Concepts of Alternating Current ............................................................................ 1-1 2.

Inductance .............................................................................................................. 2-1 3. Capacitance ............................................................................................................ 3-1 4. Inductive and Capacitive Reactance ...................................................................... 4-1 5.

Transformers .......................................................................................................... 5-1 APPENDIX I. Glossary ................................................................................................................. AI-1 II. Greek Alphabet ...................................................................................................... AII-1 III.

Square and Square Roots ....................................................................................... AIII-1 IV. Useful AC Formulas .............................................................................................. AIV-1 V. Trigonometric Functions ........................................................................................ AV-1 VI.

Trigonometric Tables ............................................................................................. AVI-1 Assignments follow Appendix VI. ii NAVY ELECTRICITY AND ELECTRONICS TRAININGSERIES The Navy Electricity and Electronics Training Series (NEETS) was developed for use by personnel in many electrical- and electronic-related Navy ratings. Written by, and with the advice of, senior technicians in these ratings, this series provides beginners with fundamental electrical and electronic concepts through self-study. The presentation of this series is not oriented to any specific rating structure, but is divided into modules containing related information organized into traditional paths of instruction. The series is designed to give small amounts of information that can be easily digested before advancing further into the more complex material.

For a student just becoming acquainted with electricity or electronics, it is highly recommended that the modules be studied in their suggested sequence. While there is a listing of NEETS by module title, the following brief descriptions give a quick overview of how the individual modules flow together. Module 1,Introduction to Matter, Energy, and Direct Current, introduces the course with a short history of electricity and electronics and proceeds into the characteristics of matter, energy, and direct current (dc). It also describes some of the general safety precautions and first-aid procedures that should be common knowledge for a person working in the field of electricity. Related safety hints are located throughout the rest of the series, as well. Module 3,Introduction to Circuit Protection, Control, and Measurement, encompasses circuit breakers, fuses, and current limiters used in circuit protection, as well as the theory and use of meters as electrical measuring devices. Module 4,Introduction to Electrical Conductors, Wiring Techniques, and Schematic Reading, presents conductor usage, insulation used as wire covering, splicing, termination of wiring, soldering, and reading electrical wiring diagrams. Module 5,Introduction to Generators and Motors, is an introduction to generators and motors, and covers the uses of ac and dc generators and motors in the conversion of electrical and mechanical energies. Module 6,Introduction to Electronic Emission, Tubes, and Power Supplies, ties the first five modules together in an introduction to vacuum tubes and vacuum-tube power supplies. Module 7, Introduction to Solid-State Devices and Power Supplies, is similar to module 6, but it is in reference to solid-state devices. Module 8,Introduction to Amplifiers, covers amplifiers. Module 9,Introduction to Wave-Generation and Wave-Shaping Circuits, discusses wave generation and wave-shaping circuits. Module 10,Introduction to Wave Propagation, Transmission Lines, and Antennas, presents the characteristics of wave propagation, transmission lines, and antennas. iii Module 11,Microwave Principles, explains microwave oscillators, amplifiers, and waveguides. Module 12,Modulation Principles, discusses the principles of modulation. Module 13,Introduction to Number Systems and Logic Circuits, presents the fundamental concepts of number systems, Boolean algebra, and logic circuits, all of which pertain to digital computers. Module 14,Introduction to Microelectronics, covers microelectronics technology and miniature and microminiature circuit repair. Module 15,Principles of Synchros, Servos, and Gyros,