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Kafkas books are filled with the blurring of reality and dreams. The real world is never enough for Kafkas characters, and they are always left yearning for a firm metaphysical anchor that they can never quite grasp. This book describes a mans persecution by an overwhelming power.
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by Herberth Czermak, M.A. Instructor Amerika Institut, Vienna
including Life and Background Critical Commentaries On K.'s Guilt, the Court, and the Law The Neurotic Element in Kafka's Art Structure and Order of Chapters Composition and Reception Understanding Kafka Kafka's Jewish Influence Kafka-A "Religious" Writer? Kafka and Existentialism Selected Bibliography
INCORPORATED LINCOLN, NEBRASKA 68501
Page 2
Editor Gary Carey, M.A. University of Colorado
Consulting Editor James L. Roberts, Ph.D. Department of English University of Nebraska
ISBN 0-8220-1304-5 Copyright 1976 by Cliffs Notes, Inc. All Rights Reserved Printed in U.S.A.
1998 Printing
The Cliffs Notes logo, the names "Cliffs" and "Cliffs Notes," and the black and yellow diagonal-stripe cover design are all registered trademarks belonging to Cliffs Notes, Inc., and may not be used in whole or in part without written permission.
Cliffs Notes, Inc. Lincoln, Nebraska
Page 3
CONTENTS
Life and Background
5
List of Characters
10
Critical Commentaries
Chapter 1
12
Chapter 2
16
Chapter 3
18
Chapter 4
19
Chapter 5
20
Chapter 6
21
Chapter 7
22
Chapter 8
25
Chapter 9
27
Chapter 10
31
Critical Analyses
On K.'s Guilt, the Court, and the Law
34
The Neurotic Element in Kafka's Art
35
Structure and Order of Chapters
38
Composition and Reception
40
Understanding Kafka
43
Kafka's Jewish Influence
46
Kafka-A "Religious" Writer?
48
Kafka and Existentialism
50
Selected Bibliography
54
Page 5
LIFE AND BACKGROUND
Born in Prague in 1883. Franz Kafka is today considered the most important prose writer of the so-called Prague Circle, a loosely knit group of German-Jewish writers who contributed to the culturally fertile soil of Prague during the 1880s until after World War I. Yet from the Czech point of view. Kafka was German, and from the German point of view he was, above all, Jewish. In short, Kafka shared the fate of much of Western Jewry people who were largely emancipated from their specifically Jewish ways and yet not fully assimilated into the culture of the countries where they lived. Although Kafka became extremely interested in Jewish culture after meeting a troupe of Yiddish actors in 1911, and although he began to study Hebrew shortly after that, it was not until late in his life that he became deeply interested in his heritage. His close relationship with Dora Dymant, his steady and understanding companion of his last years, contributed considerably toward this development. But even if Kafka had not been Jewish, it is hard to see how his artistic and religious sensitivity could have remained untouched by the ancient Jewish traditions of Prague which reached back to the city's tenth-century origin.
In addition to Kafka's German. Czech, and Jewish heritages, there was also the Austrian element into which Kafka had been born and in which he had been brought up. Prague was the major second capital of the Austrian Empire (after Vienna) since the early sixteenth century, and although Kafka was no friend of Austrian politics, it is important to emphasize this Austrian component of life in Prague because Kafka has too often been called a Czech writerespecially in America. Kafka's name is also grouped too often with German writers, which is accurate only in the sense that he belongs to the German-speaking world. Apart from that, however, it is about as meaningful as considering Faulkner an English novelist.
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