Table of Contents
FROM THE PAGES OFA TALE OF TWO CITIES
It was the best of times, it was the worst of times. (page 7)
Every human creature is constituted to be that profound secret and mystery to every other. (page 16)
There was a character about Madame Defarge, from which one might have predicated that she did not often make mistakes against herself in any of the reckonings over which she presided. (page 35)
Death is Natures remedy for all things, and why not Legislations?
(page 56)
Those were drinking days, and most men drank hard. (page 88)
The leprosy of unreality disfigured every human creature in attendance upon Monseigneur. In the outermost room were half a dozen exceptional people who had had, for a few years, some vague misgiving in them that things in general were going rather wrong. As a promising way of setting them right, half of the half-dozen had become members of a fantastic sect of Convulsionists, and were even then considering within themselves whether they should foam, rage, roar, and turn cataleptic on the spot. (page 108)
The transition to the sport of window-breaking, and thence to the plundering of public-houses, was easy and natural. (page 157)
Vengeance and retribution require a long time; it is the rule.
(page 177)
CHARLES DICKENS
Born on February 7, 1812, Charles Dickens was the second of eight children in a family burdened with financial troubles. Despite difficult early years, he became the best-selling writer of his time.
In 1824, young Charles was withdrawn from school and forced to work at a boot-blacking factory when his improvident fatherin fact, his entire family, except for himwas sent to debtors prison, where they remained for three months. Once they were released, Charles attended a private school for three years. The young man then became a solicitors clerk, mastered shorthand, and before long was employed as a Parliamentary reporter. When he was in his early twenties, Dickens began to publish stories and sketches of London life in a variety of periodicals.
It was the publication of The Pickwick Papers (1836-1837) that catapulted the twenty-five-year-old author to national renown. Dickens wrote with unequaled speed and often worked on several novels at a time, publishing them first in monthly installments and then as books. His early novels Oliver Twist (1837-1838), Nicholas Nickleby (1838-1839), The Old Curiosity Shop (1840-1841), and A Christmas Carol (1843) solidified his enormous, ongoing popularity. When Dickens was in his late thirties, his social criticism became biting, his humor dark, and his view of poverty darker still. David Copperfield (1849-1850), Bleak House (1852-1853), Hard Times (1854), A Tale of Two Cities (1859), Great Expectations (1860-1861), and Our Mutual Friend (1864-1865) are the great works of his masterful and prolific later period.
In 1858 Dickenss twenty-three-year marriage to Catherine Hogarth dissolved when he fell in love with Ellen Ternan, a young actress. The last years of his life were filled with intense activity: writing, managing amateur theatricals, and undertaking several reading tours that reinforced the publics favorable view of his work but took an enormous toll on his health. Working feverishly to the last, Dickens collapsed and died on June 9, 1870, leaving The Mystery of Edwin Drood uncompleted.
THE WORLD OF CHARLES DICKENS ANDA TALE OF TWO CITIES
1811 | Jane Austen publishes Sense and Sensibility, arguably the first modern English novel. |
1812 | Charles John Huffam Dickens is born at Portsmouth to John and Elizabeth (ne Barrow) Dickens. The government orders a group of Luddites, an organized band of laborers opposed to the industrialized machinery that threatens to replace them, to be shot down. |
1817 | The Dickens family moves to Chatham, in Kent. Charles be gins reading the books in his fathers library; his favorites in clude the works of Miguel de Cervantes, Daniel Defoe, Henry Fielding, and Tobias Smollett. |
1822 | The Dickens family moves again, this time to Camden, in North London. Charles quickly and fastidiously learns the landscape of London, an invaluable resource for his later writing. |
1824 | Charles is sent to work at Warrens Blacking Factory, a manu facturer of boot-blacking. His father is arrested for debt and imprisoned for three months, and while the rest of the fam ily stays with John Dickens in prison, Charles lodges else where and continues pasting labels onto bottles of blacking at Warrens. |
1825 | John Dickens retires on a naval pension, and Charles attends Wellington House Academy, a private school where he wins a prize in Latin. |
1827 | He becomes a clerk in a solicitors office. |
1829 | After learning shorthand, he establishes himself as a reporter for the law courts, Parliament, and various London news papers. He meets Maria Beadnell and falls in love with her. |
1831 | Dickens joins the journalistic staff of the Mirror of Parliament; he transcribes speeches by the members of Parliament on such |
topics as factory conditions, penal reform, education reform, the Poor Law Commission, and the First Reform Bill of 1832. |
1833 | After four arduous years, Dickenss affair with Beadnell dissolves in the face of her familys disapproval. He publishes his first story, A Dinner at Poplar Walk, in the Monthly Magazine. The British Parliament passes the Factory Act, which regulates child labor and forces children to attend school until age thirteen. |
1834 | Dickens becomes a journalist for the Morning Chronicle, a job that requires frequent travel and attendance at political meet ings. He continues to publish stories and sketches in periodi cals. The Poor Law Amendment Act ends out-of-door relief (aid given to the poor in their own homes) and compels those in need of assistance to enter workhouses, where con ditions are very harsh. |
1835 | Dickens becomes engaged to Catherine Hogarth, the daughter of George Hogarth, editor of the Evening Chronicle. |
1836 | Dickens writes in several different genres and achieves signif icant literary success. Adopting the pseudonym Boz, based on his pronunciation as a young child of Moses as Boses, Dickens publishes in volume form Sketches by Boz, a collection of his earlier writings. He marries Catherine Hogarth; the couple eventually will have ten children. Dickens becomes in tensely and unceasingly prolific, continuing to write fever ishly throughout his life. He begins The Pickwick Papers, his first novel, which sets the precedent of serialization that he will follow for nearly all of his novels. He meets his future biogra pher John Forster. |
1837 | Victoria is crowned queen. Dickens becomes the editor of Bentleys Miscellany and begins publishing installments of his novel |
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