Hannah Nordhaus - The Beekeepers Lament

The Beekeepers Lament

HOW ONE MAN
AND HALF A BILLION
HONEY BEES
HELP FEED AMERICA

Hannah Nordhaus

To Jeanele, who gave me words

What god was it, O Muses, who devised

An art like this? Where was it that such strange

New knowledge came from and was learned by men?

FOURTH GEORGIC, THE GEORGICS OF VIRGIL

Contents

Chapter One
Fast Cars and Big Trucks

J OHN M ILLER ISNT FOND OF DEATH. H E TAKES IT PERSONALLY . A few years ago he even bought a Corvette, as if that could stave it off. It was a red C-5, number 277 produced that year, brand-new. He purchased it just before he turned forty-six, as the days lengthened to summers zenith. Then he promptly fled California. East of Reno the highway emptied, and he inched the speedometer faster90, 100, 120, 170. He passed a souped-up Cadillac STS as if it were a dawdling tractor; the driver didnt even have time to turn his head and gawk. Miller likes numbers, so he clocked himself and did some silent math. Even going 90, the sucker in the STS had to wait forty-five seconds for a mile to pass. Miller? Twenty-two and a half seconds per mile. And just like that, he was nine hundred miles away, in Hudson, Wyoming. He stopped there for a meal at Svilars restaurant with his old friend Larry Krause.

John Miller is a migratory beekeeper, and so is Larry Krause. They travel the country with thousands of hives, chasing blooms and making honey. Miller and Krause have been friends for a very long time, as is often the case with beekeepers. They are a dying breed, figuratively speaking. There are fewer and fewer of them, and they tend to a breed Apis mellifera , the European honey beethat is literally dying. Yet they persist, against all logic and pecuniary sense, because beekeeperswho have, after all, chosen careers involving stinging insectsare not terribly rational people. They are loyal people, however. Miller loves Larry Krause. He is the kind of guy, Miller says, that they dont make anymore: kind, gentlemanly, solid, unassuminga guy you would introduce to your mother. Krause and Miller help out with each others bees and eat nearly every meal together whenever they attend the same beekeeping conference.

Once a year, as Miller drives from California via Wyoming to meet his bees in North Dakota, he and Krause go to Svilars for a good steak. Then they head down the street to a bar littered, Miller says with good-humored disdain, with signed, framed pictures of dead liberalsRoosevelt, Kennedy, even Truman. They end the night at Krauses house, where they feed the leftover steak to the dog and Miller crashes out in the guest bed. The next day, he continues on to North Dakota. Beekeepers, like bees, observe predictable rhythms, and the trip on the cusp of Millers forty-sixth birthday was little different: steak, bar, doggy-bag, bed. Except this time, the car was faster. In the morning, he hopped back in the Corvette, and by nightfall he was in North Dakota. Another thousand miles, another day saved by the speedy sports car, one less calendar square crossed off on the march to death.

John Miller would probably agree if I said that the Corvette wasnt simply a way to go fast, or to intimidate other beekeepers, or to impress women. Rather, it was a symbola crude effort, as purchases made during midlife crises often are, but a symbol nonetheless: of a life unfettered, an existence unencumbered by bees and hives, by constant death, by protective suits and smokers and pasture and comb and feeders and hive tools, by semis and pallets and forklifts and other utilitarian vehicles. The Corvette was not utilitarian in the least, although it handled much more easily than a semi.

Semis are tippy and carry a lot of things. Sometimes they carry supplies, like corn syrup to feed bees during fallow times, and forklifts and pallets to lift them, and ropes and netting to tie them down, and a case of honey for goodwill at all times, Miller says. Sometimes they carry bees loaded four hives high, which is too much for a flatbed but is stable enough on a drop-deck trailer. Most of the time. In 2004, which was the first of a series of bad years for John Miller, his brother Lane was driving a truck full of bees on Route 287 near Bear Trap Canyon west of Bozeman, Montana, when he misjudged a curve, sloshed side to side, and overturned512 beehives, 60,000 bees per hive, 30.7 million bees smeared across the pavement. Lanes elbow was scraped to the bone and he had to kick out the windshield to escape. He was lucky, though, because some passing drivers helped him out before the bees were fully aware of what had happened. He walked away with the injured arm and only twenty stings. Soon the bees emerged from their hives and coated the outside of the truck and its honey-slicked cargo so thickly that you couldnt see the wreckage under all the layers of distressed insects falling to the ground in big black gobs. It would be fourteen hours before a squad of emergency beekeepers could capture them, the road crew and firefighters could clear the wreck, the state transportation department could clean up the last pools of honey, and the road could reopen. Traffic returned to normal, but the lives lost that day were beyond comprehension.

Miller likes to think hes equipped to handle death. If he werent a beekeeper, he says, hed be a mortician, with a black suit and a synthetic smile. He knows how to deal with human mortality. When a neighbor dies, he is often moved to write eloquent if overwrought tributes. When a bee colony dies, though, he lacks the tools to describe his feelings. The loss is so profound. Many people believe that a beehive exists to support its queenthat social insects like bees are motivated by blind, cult-like devotion to a charismatic leader. But the queen also serves the hive, chasing some blind imperative to lay egg after egg, thousands a day, until the end of her productive life, at which point she is set upon and stung or ripped to death. The worker bees forage for supplies to keep the queen alive, but their first job is to care for the young. So really, they are tending to the future.

A typical beehive is a rectangular wooden box, usually painted white. The top of the box comes off, and that is the way beekeepers gain access to their bees, though they usually need a hive tool, a ten-inch, wedge-like steel implement that looks like a cavemans crowbar, to disengage the flat wooden top from all the gunk that has accumulated underneath. Within the body of the hivealso called the brood chamberlie ten top bars, wooden strips that rest across the rimmed edges of the box and hold the frames, which are rectangular planes of wax comb that hang like folders in a file cabinet. Each frame is filled with hundreds of wax cellssmall interconnected hexagons in which queens can lay eggs and worker bees can store honey and pollen. Because the frames arent attached to each other or to the hive, the beekeeper can easily remove them one by one as a file clerk would remove a hanging folder, pulling the frames straight up and out of the hive to examine the bees or harvest honey. When a colony is healthy, the frames are teeming with thousands of bees, crawling and hatching and eating and working. The workersthe female bees who do all the cleaning, feeding, gathering, storing, and guardingclamber over and under each other with purposeful direction; the paunchy droneslarger male bees whose sole task is to be available to impregnate a queenwander around looking for handouts. Amid all this chaos, the queen sits like a rock star in a mosh pit, laying eggs, encircled by fawning workers who tend to her every need.