Contents
Guide
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CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION
T his is not your average book of animals! It is my mission to shine a light on the more misunderstood species in the animal kingdomas I did in my first book, A Curious Collection of Peculiar Creaturesand few have such unfair reputations (or are as unfairly treated) as the worlds most dangerous animals. Because they can pose a threat to us, they are too often seen as something to fear or kill; instead, Id like to show off how fascinating they are. Some are truly terrifying, yes, but if you understand why theyve adapted to be so dangerous, youll learn to appreciate their scarier sides. Theyre only trying to survive!
Here, youll discover mind-blowing facts about fearsome animals as well as many you probably didnt even know were deadly. And, hopefully, youll grow to appreciate them for their unique contributions to the natural environment.
Every one of these 60 animals is a brilliant combination of strange and dangerous, and I loved painting them and their quirky attributes in watercolor. I hope I have showcased their true magnificence.
Sami Bayly
AFRICAN BUFFALO
Syncerus caffer
(sin-seer-us caf-er)
T hese enormous animals can grow as tall as 6 feet (1.8 m) and weigh as much as 2,000 pounds (900 kg). You can honestly say they weigh a ton! Their most unique feature is their curving horns, which look like a funny hairstyle. Both females and males have horns, and a males horns can measure up to 4 feet (about 1.25 m) from tip to tip. These horns arent just for decorationthey can also be used as weapons.
Danger Factor
The African buffalo belongs to a group in Africa called The Big Five, alongside the lion, rhinoceros, elephant, and leopard. These are the animals known to be the most dangerous to humans. Despite their size, African buffalo can run as fast as 35 miles (57 km) per hour. When they feel threatened, they charge directly at the threat, using their large horns to toss the victim into the air.
Conservation Status
Near Threatened
Even though these creatures are considered extremely dangerous to humans, humans can also be extremely dangerous to them. Humans hunt them for sport and meat, but the bigger threat is to their habitat, which humans use for their own needs. In the 1800s, the African buffalo was threatened by an infectious disease called rinderpest, which greatly reduced its population. Today, it is estimated that there are about 56,000 African buffalo.
What They Eat
You might think that an animal this large and deadly eats a lot of other animals. But African buffalo are actually herbivores, which means they dont eat meat. Instead, they mostly graze on leaves and grasses. A buffalo eats mainly at night. After it finishes eating, it brings its partially digested meal, called cud, back up into its mouth and chews it slowly during the day.
Where They Live
African buffalo make their homes in the lowland rain forest, grasslands, and woodlands of the sub-Saharan region of Africa. Their habitat must have a constant source of water and supply of grasses and leaves for the herd to survive. They live and travel in groups of several hundred, which provides safety in numbers but can be life-threatening for any animal caught in the way of a stampede.
Fun Facts
Dont make an enemy of the African buffalo. They have good memories and have been known to attack hunters who harmed them several years before.
African buffalo have a unique relationship with a bird called the oxpecker, which rides on the buffalos back and eats the ticks, lice, and fleas it finds crawling there. The oxpecker even eats the buffalos earwax! Scientists are still trying to decide if this relationship is helpful or semiparasitic.
African buffalo have smooth tongues, unlike cows, whose tongues can be as rough as sandpaper.
AFRICAN GIANT SWALLOWTAIL
Papilio antimachus
(pap-ill-e-o anti-mak-us)
T he African giant swallowtail is the largest butterfly in Africa and one of the largest in the world, so these insects are often mistaken for birds when they are flying. Their narrow orange and black wings can measure from 7 to 10 inches (17 to 25 cm) tip to tip. That means their wingspan is almost as long as an unsharpened pencil!
Danger Factor
As well as being large, these butterflies are very poisonous. Scientists believe that during the caterpillar stage, the African giant swallowtail eats leaves that are full of toxins called glycosides, which become even more dangerous as they are digested. This means that when the butterfly emerges from its chrysalis, it will be deadly to any predator that consumes it.
Conservation Status
Data Deficient
It is very unusual to see an African giant swallowtail in the wild, and so there is not enough data to know its conservation status. Because other animals, such as birds, have learned how deadly they are and know not to eat them, humans are the only danger these insects face. Their habitat is threatened by humans, and the butterflies are often illegally captured and sold to collectors, who want to display their magnificent wings.
What They Eat
Scientists think that the poisonous leaves the African giant swallowtail eats during its caterpillar stage are from the climbing oleander, a plant with white, pink, and purple flowers. The toxins from this innocent-looking plant stay in the butterflys system until adulthood and make it poisonous. Once the caterpillar becomes a butterfly, it eats flower nectar.
Where They Live
African giant swallowtails live in the rain forests of west and central Africa. Males stay close to the ground, usually near water, but females spend all of their time high in the tree canopy. The butterflies are difficult to find, and the caterpillars are even more so. Scientists still dont know what the African giant swallowtail actually looks like during the caterpillar stage.