Contents
PUBLISHED BY ALFRED A. KNOPF CANADA
Copyright 2018 Adam Weymouth
All rights reserved under International and Pan-American Copyright Conventions. No part of this book may be reproduced in any form or by any electronic or mechanical means, including information storage and retrieval systems, without permission in writing from the publisher, except by a reviewer, who may quote brief passages in a review. Published in 2018 by Alfred A. Knopf Canada, a division of Penguin Random House Canada Limited, Toronto, and simultaneously in the United Kingdom by Particular Books, an imprint of Penguin Random House UK, London, and in the United States by Little, Brown and Company, a division of Hachette Book Group, New York. Distributed in Canada by Penguin Random House Canada Limited, Toronto.
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Library and Archives Canada Cataloguing in Publication
Weymouth, Adam, author
Kings of the Yukon : a river journey in search of the chinook / Adam Weymouth.
Issued in print and electronic formats.
ISBN 9780345811790
eBook ISBN 9780345811813
1. Weymouth, AdamTravelYukon River (Yukon and Alaska). 2. Canoes and canoeingYukon River (Yukon and Alaska). 3. Chinook salmonYukon River (Yukon and Alaska). 4. Yukon River (Yukon and Alaska)Description and travel. I. Title.
FC4045.Y85W49 2018 917.191 C2018-900063-5
C2018-900064-3
Illustration and map by Ulli Mattsson
Cover photo: Peter Mather / National Geographic Magazines / Getty Images
v5.2
a
To you, as yet unnamed, who came along quicker than this book
And to Mum and Dad, for always trusting that I knew what I was doing
the generations that came before, the generations coming after
Wait, I see something: We come upstream in red canoes.
Riddle of the Alaskan Athabascans, documented by the missionary
Julius Jette (18641927)
rival (n.)
from the Latin rivalis, one person using the same stream as another
Contents
Foreword
Adam Weymouth writes of the Yukon River, the salmon and the people, with language that flows and ripples like the water he describes. There may be a smoothness to the words, but pay attention, there are deep undercurrents here. You can hear the water dripping from his paddle between each stroke as he travels that river. It mingles with the voices of the many people he visits along its shores.
I have an affinity for that river. I once sat on a hill overlooking it outside of Pelly Crossing, Yukon, and prayed, and the Yukon River was in my prayers. Before I began my vision quest, an Elder of the Northern Tutchone People spoke to her ancestors, telling them why I was going to be there and asking them to watch out for me. I appreciate Adams nervousness about grizzly bears. We saw fresh tracks of one on the way up the hill and I knew that after a few days without food and water I might not have the strength to run if a bear came by.
Adam might be from England, but he visits like an Indian. He comes into your house, eats whatever food is offered, makes himself at home, and most importantly he listens. One of our teachings is to learn to listen with your heart. I dont know where Adam learned this skill, but he obviously practises it. When you listen with your heart you hear more than words, you hear the other persons spirit. I hear old Percy Henry of Dawson who remembered the prophecy: the day will come when there are no more ducks. In his voice I hear my own mother tell of a time when there were so many black ducks here in northern Saskatchewan that the sky turned dark. Percy lived long enough to see the end of timesnot only the end of the ducks, but the end of the salmon, and the end of his peoples connection to the river and to the land.
I hear Mary Jackson and feel her homesickness for the place further down river where, when a king salmon is smoked, it drips with oil and goodness. And, Richard Carroll shared his salmon, the first of the year, because the real good hunters share. Adam visited and listened to these and many other people along that river.
The story most importantly is about the salmon, the Chinook, the king salmon. Adam shared his breakfast porridge with young Chinook still in the parr stage, only a few months old, at the head waters of the Yukon River and then followed them to the ocean. You cannot tell the story of the salmon without telling of the people standing on the shore looking out across the water, waiting and waiting for the fish that might not come.
Why dont they come back? Did we forget to put their bones back in the river? Did we stop respecting them? Will they ever come back? We know. We have always known. What we do to the land, what we do to the river, what we do to the air, we do also to ourselves. Thats the law. That has always been the law. And the law is not going to change because we forgot it.
HAROLD R. JOHNSON is a lawyer, a trapper, a fisherman, a member of the Montreal Lake Cree Nation and author of several books including Firewater: How Alcohol Is Killing My People (and Yours).
Authors Note
There are five species of salmon found in Alaska and Western Canada. This book is concerned predominantly with one of them, Oncorhynchus tshawytscha, generally referred to as the king in Alaska and the Chinook in Canada. I have used these names interchangeably throughout.
Whilst the majority of the research for Kings of the Yukon was carried out during the summer of 2016, I returned to the Canadian side of the border for a shorter trip in 2017. One summer in the North is simply too short a season to cover the two thousand miles of river that the salmon span between break-up and freeze-up. I have, however, written about the trip as one continuous journey, in order to preserve the flow of the story. All data on escapement numbers, sex ratios, etc., relates to the 2016 season. Most interviews were recorded by hand, either at the time or afterwards; several were recorded on audio. Some characters names have been changed to protect their privacy. Interviews in Canada were carried out according to the Traditional Knowledge policies of the First Nations involved, policies which strive to protect their cultural heritage from exploitation.
The terms Eskimo and Indian are often considered pejorative, yet are commonly in use in Alaska and Canada, amongst both Indigenous and white people. Alaskan Native and First Nation are not able to differentiate between these two very separate groups, and they do not encompass the connection, on the Eskimo side, between other groups that inhabit the circumpolar region, and on the Indian side, with other native peoples of Canada and the Lower 48. As such I have occasionally used them in the book, alongside the proper names of specific tribes and clans. Whilst the word Indian is commonly assumed to derive from Columbus believing that he had reached India, figures such as the activist Russell Means and the American Indian Movement offer an alternative etymology, described here by Cree lawyer Harold R. Johnson in his book