Ian Graham - Forces and Motion: Investigating a Car Crash
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- Book:Forces and Motion: Investigating a Car Crash
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- Publisher:Capstone
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- Year:2013
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An unfamiliar noise stops shoppers in their tracks: cars and a truck are crashing into each other. Fortunately no-one is hurt seriously, but what has caused the accident? This book looks at the topics of forces and motion to explain about speed, acceleration, friction, and momentum. It shows how investigators can use their knowledge of science and technology to sift through the evidence to determine the cause of the crash.
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When have changed the shape of the vehicles and jammed the doors shut.
Most vehicles are made of means that vehicles are also bent out of shape easily by the forces involved in a crash.
In science, forces are pushes or pulls that change an objects .
Forces make vehicles move, change direction, and stop. They also bend and break parts of vehicles during a crash. Rescue workers use powerful , which produce the huge forces needed to bend metal or cut through it at the scene of an accident in order to rescue people.
When a vehicle crashes, the force of the collision bends and breaks parts of the vehicle. This red arrow shows the direction of the force that damaged this car.
tools used by rescue workers are operated by high-pressure, fire-resistant liquid at up to 350 times normal air pressure.
Question 1 : You are called to the scene of an accident. No one has been hurt. Only one car is involved. A car has hit a mailbox on the sidewalk and knocked it over. The driver, who is yawning a lot, says a child ran out in front of him. He says he swerved to avoid the child and skidded across the dry road onto the sidewalk. How can you find out if the driver is telling the truth? (.)
Rescue workers can use powerful Jaws of Life tools to open up the body of a crashed car. One of these tools has powerful cutting jaws that can slice through metal like a hot knife through butter. Other tools have spreading jaws or pushers to pry parts of a car open.
The road or, if part of the road can be kept open, they set out traffic cones to keep other vehicles at a safe distance.
A major accident may involve dozens of collisions between many vehicles. Untangling the events that caused the accident can be a very complex problem for accident investigators to solve.
60 minutes
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Some parts of a vehicle are designed to bend, or crumple, in a impacts affect the front of a vehicle.
Crumple zones are designed to bend and buckle in a crash. A car with crumple zones looks terrible after a crash, but if you look closely, you will see that the part where passengers sit is undamaged.
Answer 1 : Look back at the box on asleep at the wheel, and then the car ran off the road.
Days 2-9
As a result of .
In countries such as the United States, car drivers and passengers account for up to three-quarters of all road deaths.
Crash investigations can help with legal cases by finding out if anyone involved in a road accident has broken the law. Insurance companies may also use the facts from investigations to settle claims.
Police officers investigate most road accidents, but it is also becoming increasingly common for professional accident investigators to be called in. These experts enable police officers to concentrate on policing duties, and they bring a wealth of scientific and technical expertise to accident investigations.
Moving vehicles have vector quantity (a number with direction).
Accident investigators work for police forces, lawyers, and insurance companies. They may be called to the scene of an accident as soon as the emergency services are alerted, or they may be consulted days or weeks later. If they are called in after the accident scene has been cleared, they examine the vehicles that were involved in the accident and use photographs taken at the time of the accident and measurements made by police officers. They are particularly interested in finding out the speed and direction of every vehicle just before the accident.
Investigators and rescue workers discuss their observations at the scene of a road accident.
Crash investigators try to work out why an accident happened.
Professional crash investigators normally have a degree in or a background in repairing accident-damaged vehicles. They could also be former police officers with experience in investigating road accidents. They have specialized training in accident investigation and reconstruction.
Investigators start with what they know, and then they carefully figure out how the vehicles involved in a collision ended up in their final resting places. The investigators collect impact phase.
Accident investigation depends on the principle of cause and effect, also called causality. When something happens, it happens for a reasonin other words, it was caused by something. The cause happens first, and then it produces the effect. Accident investigators are presented with the effecta crashand they then have to figure out the cause.
All the measurements that an accident investigator makes must be in the same system of units. The loss of the Mars Climate Orbiter spacecraft in 1999 showed what can happen if different units are mixed up. NASAs ground controllers lost contact with the spacecraft after it changed course to go into orbit around the planet Mars. The orbiter passed behind Mars 49 seconds earlier than expected and could not be contacted again.
Accident investigators found that the spacecrafts software expected the information controlling its engines to be given in metric units, but engineers sent the information to the spacecraft in nonmetric units. This resulted in the multimillion dollar spacecraft following the wrong course, passing too close to Mars, and breaking up in the atmosphere. This incident has been called the metric mix-up.
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