Elmore Leonard - Elmore Leonards 10 Rules of Writing

These are rules Ive picked up along the way to help me remain invisible when Im writing a book, to help me show rather than tell whats taking place in the story. If you have a facility for language and imagery and the sound of your voice pleases you, invisibility is not what you are after, and you can skip the rules. Still, you might look them over.

If its only to create atmosphere, and not a characters reaction to the weather, you dont want to go on too long. The reader is apt to leaf ahead looking for people. There are exceptions. If you happen to be Barry Lopez, who has more ways than an Eskimo to describe ice and snow in his book Arctic Dreams, you can do all the weather reporting you want.

They can be annoying, especially a prologue following an introduction that comes after a foreword.

But these are ordinarily found in nonfiction. A prologue in a novel is backstory, and you can drop it in anywhere you want.

There is a prologue in John Steinbecks Sweet Thursday, but its okay because a character in the book makes the point of what my rules are all about. He says:

I like a lot of talk in a book and I dont like to have nobody tell me what the guy thats talking looks like. I want to figure out what he looks like from the way he talksfigure out what the guys thinking from what he says. I like some description but not too much of that.

The Steinbeck character goes on to say, Sometimes I want a book to break loose with a bunch of hooptedoodle. Spin up some pretty words maybe or sing a little song with language. Thats nice. But I wish it was set aside so I dont have to read it. I dont want hooptedoodle to get mixed up with the story.

The line of dialogue belongs to the character; the verb is the writer sticking his nose in. But said is far less intrusive than grumbled, gasped, cautioned, lied. I once noticed Mary McCarthy ending a line of dialogue with she asseverated, and had to stop reading and go to the dictionary.

he admonished gravely. To use an adverb this way (or almost any way) is a mortal sin. The writer is now exposing himself in earnest, using a word that distracts and can interrupt the rhythm of the exchange. I have a character in one of my books tell how she used to write historical romances full of rape and adverbs.

You are allowed no more than two or three per 100,000 words of prose. If you have the knack of playing with exclaimers the way Tom Wolfe does, you can throw them in by the handful.

This rule doesnt require an explanation. I have noticed that writers who use suddenly tend to exercise less control in the application of exclamation points.

Once you start spelling words in dialogue phonetically and loading the page with apostrophes, you wont be able to stop. Notice the way Annie Proulx captures the flavor of Wyoming voices in her book of short stories Close Range.

Which Steinbeck covered. In Ernest Hemingways Hills Like White Elephants, what do the American and the girl with him look like? She had taken off her hat and put it on the table. Thats the only reference to a physical description in the story, and yet we see the couple and know them by their tones of voice, with not one adverb in sight.

Unless youre Margaret Atwood and can paint scenes with language or write landscapes in the style of Jim Harrison. But even if youre good at it, you dont want descriptions that bring the action, the flow of the story, to a standstill.

And finally:

A rule that came to mind in 1983, at lunch with Book-of-the-Month Club editors. Think of what you skip reading a novel: thick paragraphs of prose you can see have too many words in them.

What the writer is doing, hes writing, perpetrating hooptedoodle, perhaps taking another shot at the weather, or has gone into the characters head, and the reader either knows what the guys thinking or doesnt care. Ill bet you dont skip dialogue.

My most important rule is one that sums up the ten.

If it sounds like writing, I rewrite it.

Or, if proper usage gets in the way, it may have to go.

I cant allow what we learned in English composition to disrupt the sound and rhythm of the narrative.

Its my attempt to remain invisible, not distract the reader from the story with obvious writing.

(Joseph Conrad said something about words getting in the way of what you want to say.)

If I write in scenes and always from the point of view of a particular characterthe one whose view best brings the scene to lifeIm able to concentrate on the voices of the characters telling you who they are and how they feel about what they see and whats going on, and Im nowhere in sight.

What Steinbeck did in Sweet Thursday was title his chapters as an indication, though obscure, of what they cover. Whom the Gods Love They Drive Nuts is one, Lousy Wednesday another. The third chapter is titled Hooptedoodle 1 and the thirty-eighth chapter Hooptedoodle 2 as warnings to the reader, as if Steinbeck is saying: Heres where youll see me taking flights of fancy with my writing, and it wont get in the way of the story. Skip them if you want.