T here has not been a great deal of material in print on crime in Doncaster history. As usual with such sources, the writing has been scattered and piecemeal, but in one way that is an advantage. It means that the writer has to reconstruct the stories from eclectic sources and make a sense of drama come through. Nevertheless, there have been some major cases, notably the 1829 betting room robbery, and the two principal executions in the twentieth century. For the former, historians have to rely on contemporary records across the press and in trial reports. Apart from the strain on the eyes, the challenge there is to sort out the likely truth of events from the anecdotes and the prejudice of reporters. But one of the pleasures of crime history is that, surprisingly for many, not all the stories in that area are grim and gruesome, and there have been surprises on the way.
The sources therefore range from small booklets from local writers to massive reference works, and I hope that this book will perhaps spark some interest from other crime historians in the Doncaster area, as there are still many more foul deeds stories to be told. Without monographs and learned articles from specialists, it would be very difficult to assemble a solid casebook for the general reader.
Books
Bailey, Catherine, Black Diamonds: the rise and fall of an English dynasty (Penguin 2007)
Barber, Brian, A History of Doncaster (Phillimore 2007)
Baylies, Carolyn, The History of the Yorkshire Miners 1881 1918 (Routledge 1993)
Benson, EF, As We Were: a Victorian Peepshow (Penguin 2001)
Chalmers, Patrick R, Racing England (Batsford 1939)
Cyriax, Oliver, The Penguin Encyclopaedia of Crime (Penguin 1996)
Dean, Joseph, Hatred, Ridicule and Contempt: a book of libel cases (Macmillan 1953)
Dernley, Syd, The Hangmans Tale: memoirs of a public executioner (Macmillan 1990)
Eddleston, John J, The Encyclopaedia of Executions (John Blake 2002)
Emsley, Clive, Crime and Society in England 1750 1900 (Pearson Education 1996)
Fielding, Steve, The Executioners Bible (John Blake 2007)
French, Yvonne and Squire, John, News from the Past 1805 1887 (Gollancz 1930)
Fulford, Roger, Votes for Women: the story of a struggle (Faber and Faber 1958)
Hamilton, Dick, Foul Bills and Dagger Money: 800 years of Lawyers and Lawbreakers
(Cassell 1979)
Harris, Richard (Ed), The Reminiscences of Sir Henry Hawkins (Nelson 1910)
Hattersley, Roy, The Edwardians (Little, Brown 2004)
Haynes, Alan, The Elizabethan Secret Services (Sutton Publishing 1992)
Herbert, Barry, Ticket to the Gallows and other villainous tales from the tracks
(Silver Link 2001)
Hibbert, Christopher, The Roots of Evil: a social history of crime and punishment
(Sutton Publishing 2003)
HMSO, Markets and Fairs in England and Wales , 1928
Liddington, Jill, Rebel Girls: their fight for the vote (Virago 2007)
Marjoribanks, Edward, The Life of Sir Edward Marshall Hall (Gollancz 1929)
Moorhouse, Geoffrey, The Pilgrimage of Grace (Phoenix 2002)
Nield, Basil, Farewell to the Assizes (Garnstone Press 1972)
Norway, Arthur H, Highways and Byways in Yorkshire (Macmillan 1903)
Owens, Andy and Ellis, Chris, Killer Catchers (Blake 2004)
Pettifer, Ernest W, The Court is Sitting (Clegg and Sons 1940)
Rede, Thomas Leman, York Castle (J Saunders 1829)
Rutherford, Sarah, The Victorian Asylum (Shire 2009)
Shore, W Teignmouth, The Baccarat Case (Hodge, Notable British Trials 1932)
Whitbread, J R, The Railway Policeman: the story of the constable on the track (Harrap 1961
Yorkshire Archaeological Society: Quarter Sessions Records of the West Riding, 1945
Archival Material
Steve Wade MSS. In Doncaster Archives: DZ MZ 65/1, letter from Churchill and notes on several executions, including the Richter material.
Articles
Newton, Gerald, Germans in Sheffield 1817 1918, German Life and Letters, Vol. 46 January 1993 pp 83 101
Periodicals
Yesterday Today, Local History Newsletter, edited by Carol Hill, Doncaster Central Library, Issue 44, August 2004
Annual Register, 1829 and 1839
Fact
Illustrated Police News
Notes and Queries
Past and Present
Punch Library in Wig and Gown
Social History
True Crime
Newspapers
British Nineteenth Century Newspapers
Daily Graphic
Evening Chronicle
Guardian Gazette 1927
The Times Digital Archive
Websites
www.conisbroughcastle.org.uk/education
www.infoplease.com/dictionary
www.southwellminster.co.uk
ww.timesonline.co.uk
www.wikipedia.org
http://yourarchives.nationalarchives.go.uk
Illustrations
The images from Doncaster Council, kindly provided by Dr Charles Kelham, are referenced at AB/RACE/69 at Doncaster Archives.
The original artwork is by Vicki Schofield, as credited in the text.
Credit for the use of the map illustration in the railway story is to Cassini Publishing (see www.cassinimaps.com)
CHAPTER 1
A Revenge Plot in the Bull Inn 1582
The innkeeper played pimp to his wife, to trap Sandys.
I n Elizabethan England, there was paranoia and duplicity on all sides: the Queen and government were constantly struggling to keep the balance of power in Europe, pitted against Catholic Spain. Our island status was a great advantage, but that also meant that spies and double agents were always on the move, and the coast was very hard to patrol.
The Queen needed a spycatcher, and she had a number of excellent ones, including Sir Francis Walsingham and Sir Christopher Hatton. These men recruited agents to work in their networks and to go undercover. It was not a difficult task because the universities were full of the younger sons of well-to-do men, and they needed something to do. There were always armies being raised to indulge in either suppressing the Irish or taking on Catholic armies in Europe. Spying was a good choice, too, and several amoral and two-faced rogues signed up to work in espionage.
Two of these men, Bernard Maude and Robert Poley, figure in this nasty little plot that took place in Doncaster. Maude was a graduate of Trinity College, Oxford, leaving there in 1566. Poley was a Cambridge man, but in the lowest grade, called a sizar which meant he had to do some of the lowest chores around in order to have fees paid, and continue. Poley was, after these events in Doncaster, to be involved in the famous Babington Plot to murder Queen Elizabeth in 1586. Maude was to prove to be a guttersnipe born survivor, escaping from attention and retribution, even after that major political piece of skulduggery.