The human race can be divided into three kinds of people: those who love Star Wars, those who like Star Wars, and those who neither love nor like Star Wars. I have read parts of this book to my wife, emphasizing those that seemed to me especially fun, and one night she finally responded, with some combination of pity and exasperation, Cass, I just dont love Star Wars! (I knew that, I guess, but somehow I forgot.)
When I started this book, I merely liked Star Wars. I have now gone way past the threshold for love. Nonetheless, I intend this book for all three kinds of people.
If you love it, and are sure that Han shot first, and know everything there is to know about parsecs, Biggs, Boba Fett, and General Hux, you still might want to learn about the series unlikely origins, its wildly unanticipated success, and what it really has to say about fathers, freedom, and redemption. If you merely like the movies, you might be interested to know their distinctive claims about destiny, heroic journeys, and making the right choice when the chips are down.
If you really dont like Star Wars, and cant tell an Ackbar from a Finn or a Windu, you might still be curious about how it became such a cultural phenomenon, and about why its so resonant, and why its appeal is enduring, and how it illuminates childhood, the complicated relationship between good and evil, rebellions, political change, and constitutional law.
In his wild fever-dream Auguries of Innocence, William Blake wrote of seeing a World in a Grain of Sand. Star Wars is a grain of sand; it contains a whole world.
I didnt plan to write this book, and if you told me that I was going to, I wouldnt have believed you. The project started less than a year ago, when my wife and I were having dinner at the home of two good friends, Jenna Lyons and Courtney Crangi. As the evening wound down, Courtney casually pointed to an old compact disk containing A New Hope. She said that I should borrow it and show it to my son Declan, then five years old.
I hadnt seen the movie for decades and had no particular desire to see it again. Declan was interested in baseball, not spaceships, and he was a bit young for droids, blasters, and Lord Vader. So showing him the movie seemed pretty doomed. But on a lark (and to be polite to Courtney), I gave it a try. Of course he loved it. I did, too.
After seeing A New Hope, we promptly saw the five others (though just a part of Revenge of the Sith, which is pretty intense). I started to get a bit obsessed. Thanks, Courtney.
For decades, I have invited (okay, begged) law students to help me on research projects, involving such subjects as the Administrative Procedure Act, regulatory reform, the value of a statistical life, and default rules in environmental law. I have always been lucky enough to get a good response, but for this book, the response was unparalleled. In fact it was overwhelming. Special thanks to Declan Conroy, Lauren Ross, and Christopher YoungJedi Knights all.
Heartfelt thanks as well to Jacob Gersen, David Jaher, Martha Nussbaum, L. A. Paul, Richard Thaler, and Adrian Vermeule for comments on all or part of the manuscript. Particular thanks to Vermeule not only for numerous discussions but also for publishing a review-essay on Star Wars in the New Rambler, which he edits; this book grew from that seed. (The essay can be found at http://newramblerreview.com/book-reviews/fiction-literature/how-star-wars-illuminates-constitutional-law-and-authorship.)
Thanks to my terrific agent, Sarah Chalfant, for her support, guidance, and enthusiasm. For this law professor, Star Wars was not exactly a likely topic, and I was genuinely surprised, and remain more than grateful, that Sarah encouraged me to proceed. I am also grateful to members of a reading group I taught at Harvard Law School in the fall of 2015, on the topic of contingency and serendipity. The course wasnt about Star Wars, but the subject did (ummm) come up. I thank as well Tom Pitoniak for an excellent, careful copyedit.
My wife, Samantha Power, is not a huge Star Wars fan, but she saw The Force Awakens with me, and she actually liked it. She has also been generous enough to tolerate countless discussions of Luke, Leia, Obi-Wan, Darth Vader, and all the restand to keep her good cheer while Declan, Rian, and I stared at Episodes on the computer. (If she felt left out, she didnt show it.) Amazingly, shes shared my enthusiasm for this project. Astonishingly, she read an early draft of this book, in full, and she made large-scale suggestions about how to structure it, and also numerous page-by-page edits, which reoriented and greatly improved the manuscript. The Force runs very strong in her family (Anakin-level midi-chlorians, no doubt); I am truly blessed to be part of it.
Julia Cheiffetz was, and is, the best editor ever. Shes brilliantly creative, and shes tremendous fun, and she has vision. Actually shes a bit like George Lucas, in the sense that her standards are really high, and she wont just settle. I am keenly aware that this book is not nearly as good as Julia deservesnot closebut her efforts made it a ton better than it would otherwise be. For whatever works here, shes been my copilot.
My fathers favorite place on earth, I think, was Marblehead, Massachusetts. He adored Preston Beach, and fishing, and tennis, and his children, and soft-serve ice cream, which amazed him. In my entire life, I never saw him angry (not even once). He died in his young sixties; he didnt live long enough to meet my three children. With his big, strong shoulders and unfailing, broad smile, he never got old. He had no Darth Vader in him, and no Kylo Ren, and only a bit of Obi-Wanbut plenty of Han Solo. (He was a great flirt.) When I was a child, he showed me his World War II medalsand while he never gave me a lightsaber, I have those medals now. Thanks, Dad.
All the gods, all the heavens, all the hells, are within you.
JOSEPH CAMPBELL
As of early 2016, the Star Wars franchise had earned about $30.2 billion. Of that amount, $6.25 billion came from box office, nearly $2 billion from books, and about $12 billion from toys. The total exceeds the gross domestic product of about ninety of the worlds nations, including Iceland, Jamaica, Armenia, Laos, and Guyana. Suppose that Star Wars was a nation and that its earnings were its GDP. If so, it would be ranked right around the middle of the 193 nations on the planet. Doesnt it deserve its own seat at the United Nations?
Moreover, its earnings are rapidly climbing. With the spectacular success of The Force Awakens, theyre exploding.
The numbers do not come close to telling the tale. Quantify everything you cannot. (Didnt Yoda say that?) In terms of politics and culture, Star Wars is everywhere. In the 1980s, Ronald Reagans Strategic Defense Initiative was commonly called Star Wars. After the appearance of The Force Awakens in December 2015, President Barack Obama closed a news conference this way: Okay, everybody, I gotta get to Star Wars. In the same week, Hillary Clinton ended the national Democratic debate with the words, May the Force be with you.
Also in that week, Republican candidate Ted Cruz tweeted, The Force... its calling to you. Just let it in and tune in to tonights #CNNDebate. Drawing on westerns and 1960s comic books, committed to liberty, and audacious about hope, Star Wars is bipartisan and all-American.