To Francesca, who knows and follows all of the Italian Food Rules.
Foreword
It is a joy to learn something new and surprising. As a teacher, it is even better when I learn from a student.
Ann Reavis, a San Francisco lawyer in search of any enlightenment that nine months in Italy could bring her, walked into my Italian grammar class in Massa Marittima, near the Tuscan coast, in 1998. To be kind, lets say that she had no ear for my melodic language.
Changing focus, she sought to learn to expand her kitchen skills beyond admittedly delicious chocolate chip cookies and carrot cake to include Florentine and Tuscan recipes. I was conducting cooking classes for Americans and other tourists. Ann, unfortunately, could never master a passable soffritto or achieve al dente when it came to cooking pasta.
I was ready to give up on the notion that Ann was ever going to awaken to the state of being Italian even for a day, but then we started to delve into the customs and practices that make Italian food authentic. Maybe it is the lawyers need for defined rules and precedents, or Anns love for research that, combined with her passion for eating, if not cooking, Italian food led her to collect what she came to call Italian Food Rules.
After nine months in Florence became over fifteen years in Italy, Ann is still clearly American, but she knows more than most Italians about the basis of the food practices that are passed down from generation to generation. Her delight in each discovery has frequently been shared in her writing on TuscanTraveler.com and, now, in this enchanting book.
The facts, fictions, history and reasons behind the Italian Food Rules, as well as the revelation of the mere existence of so many customs or edicts, will assist any visitor to Italy by making their stay easier, less confusing, and richer. For Italians, their response to reading Anns list of the rules is usually giusto, giusto (exactly right) and then delight when they read the rationale and history of the gastronomic commandments passed down from their grandmothers.
I never knew where Caesar Salad originated (certainly not Italy), or why spaghetti with meatballs was considered an Italian dish, or why Americans always wanted a bowl of olive oil with a squiggle of balsamic vinegar delivered immediately to the table when dining at a trattoria. I enjoy eating lampredotto and lardo on a regular basis, being very familiar with these Tuscan specialties, but I never thought much about their origins in Italian history until Ann started asking questions, urging me to translate at Florentine tripe stands, and traveling to Colonnata to see where herbed lard is aged.
The bricks that form the foundation of the most loved cuisine in the world today are important and should be preserved. Ann Reavis has given us the gift of memory in her light and amusing book of Italian Food Rules.
Francesca Maria Boni, Florence
By way of introduction
In Italy they love making rules, and they obey very fewexcept when it comes to food. The Italian Food Rules may as well be carved in marble. They will not change and you violate them at your peril.
I grew up during the 50s in the American West where there were no food rules. TV dinners vied with Chef Boyardee canned spaghetti and meatballs. Sweet potatoes were topped with marshmallows. A fried egg smothered in ketchup or a breakfast burrito was equally good in the morning. Iced tea paired well with any food. A Filet OFish, French fries, and a Big Gulp were road foodbetter tasting eaten in the car, than out.
Then I moved to San Francisco and my junk food days were over. Now I was dining on all of the fine cuisines of the world, including at some of the best Italian restaurants in America. (Full disclosure: I still scarfed down the occasional pint of ice cream for dinner.)
I thought I knew Italian cuisine when I arrived in Italy in 1998 for what turned out to be a fifteen-year sojourn. I may have been able to recognize Italian food, but I had no clue about the Italian Food Rules. I broke every single one of them.
The Italian Food Rules have a long history. Some traveled with Catherine de Medici to France in the 16th century. Others are even older.
Despite the attempts by outsiders to influence the politics and cultural life of the Italian peninsula for the past millennium, the Italian people have remained largely homogenous. They will argue there are insurmountable regional differences in their recipes, but outsiders will be hard pressed to understand what all the fuss is about. Since Italians do not generally move far from home, the food traditions are passed on unchanged from generation to generation. Italian Food Rules practiced 200 years ago are still valid today.
The Italian food culture encourages eating foods that are in season and grown locally, which could be considered two of the most important Italian Food Rules. It is little wonder that the Slow Food movement started in Italy.
Founded in 1989 in the Piemonte region to counter the rise in Italy of fast food, the organizations interests grew to include the disappearance of local food culture and traditional ingredients. Slow Food is now a grassroots organization with over 100,000 supporters in 150 countries around the world, who are linking the pleasure of good food with a commitment to their community and the environment. The organizations philosophy has its basis in the Italian Food Rules.
This small book just skims the surface of the Italian Food Rules. Although some Italians might rightly argue that one or two of these Rules dont apply to their region or their small town, this book is meant to be of some assistance to the visitor who wants to try to be Italian at least once in a lifetime.
Dont drink cappuccino after ten in the morning
To order a cappuccino after lunch is a direct and major violation of an Italian Food Rule. Italians believe the fresh whole milk that makes up over half of the contents of cappuccino plays havoc with digestion. To order a cappuccino after 10am, unless you are breakfasting after said hour, is seen as suspect behavior worthy of at least a slight frown, advancing to a worried shake of the head, and can escalate to outright ridicule.
To the Italians, milk is almost a meal in itself. So having a cappuccino at the neighborhood bar in the morning on the way to work or school requires no other food to be considered a complete breakfast. (A small pastry may be included, but not always.) Cappuccino is more milk than coffee, so it is full of calories. Perhaps the reasoning is that slender Italians (the ones who dont order the pastry) are more likely to burn off the calories through the day. Drunk later, those pesky calories stay on the hips.
Some say that cappuccino is best in the morning because the milk has lactose (a sugar) and the body absorbs the lactose and milk fat quickly, so the carbohydrate energy is available immediately before the caffeine stimulant kicks in.
The real reason behind the Food Rule, however, is that Italians are firmly convinced that drinking milk after any meal will mess up the stomachs ability to digest food properly. So having a cappuccino at any time after lunch, or after dinner, in Italy is unthinkable.
Tourists, therefore, shouldnt be shocked when the waiter refuses to grant their cappuccino requests for your own health.
Did you know?
No slice of lemon or lemon peel with espresso.
If you must have milk in your after-meal coffee, order caff macchiato (stained coffee).
Coffee can be served with a shot of alcohol (grappa, cognac, rum), order caff corretto.
There are no frappuccinos in Italy, order