Philip S. Peek - Herodotus, Histories, Book V: Text, Commentary, and Vocabulary

OKLAHOMA SERIES IN CLASSICAL CULTURE SERIES EDITOR Ellen Greene, University of Oklahoma ADVISORY BOARD Ronnie Ancona, Hunter College and CUNY Graduate Center Carolyn J. Dewald, Bard College Nancy Felson, University of Georgia Helene P. Foley, Barnard College Thomas R. Martin, College of the Holy Cross John F. Miller, University of Virginia Richard F. Thomas, Harvard UniversityHERODOTUS, HISTORIES, BOOK V TEXT, COMMENTARY, AND VOCABULARY Philip S.

Peek UNIVERSITY OF OKLAHOMA PRESS NORMAN 2800 Venture Drive Norman, Oklahoma 73069 www.oupress.com Publication of this book is made possible through the generosity of Edith Kinney Gaylord. The original source of Herodotuss Greek text is as follows: Hrodote, Herodoti historiae. Recognovit brevique adnotatione critica instruxit Carolus Hude (Oxonii: E typogr. Clarendoniano, 1908). Copyright 2018 by the University of Oklahoma Press, Norman, Publishing Division of the University. Manufactured in the U.S.A.

All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwiseexcept as permitted under Section 107 or 108 of the United States Copyright Actwithout the prior permission of the University of Oklahoma Press. For information about permission to reproduce selections from this book, write to Permissions, University of Oklahoma Press, 2800 Venture Drive, Norman, Oklahoma 73069 or email . ISBN 978-0-8061-6103-7 (aperback: alk. paper) ISBN 978-0-8061-6254-6 (ebook : mobipocket) ISBN 978-0-8061-6255-3 (ebook : epub) Herodotus, Histories, Book V: Text, Commentary, and Vocabulary is Volume 56 in the Oklahoma Series in Classical Culture. This eBook was converted from the original source file by a third-party vendor.

Readers who notice any formatting, textual, or readability issues are encouraged to contact the publisher at . CONTENTSPREFACE Substantially revised, this book began as the collaboration between my former student Andrew McCaffrey and me. It has been partly funded by the Center for Undergraduate Research and Scholarship (CURS) and by a Building Strength grant of Bowling Green State University, the first awarded in the summer of 2012, the second in the fall of 2017. Andrew McCaffrey graduated from Bowling Green State University in 2013. He has earned his MA in Latin from the University of Michigan and is currently attending law school at the same institution. He thanks CURS for providing him the opportunity to contribute to this endeavor.

Since 1995 I have taught classics at Bowling Green State University and remain passionate about helping students learn to read ancient Greek. I hope this commentary assists them. I thank Geoffrey Steadman for his texts with running vocabulary, which have helped my students advance their reading skills; James Keenan for all he has been and done; and my ancient Greek students, in particular Bradley Corfman and Jordan Kilpatrick, who have helped me formulate the strategies used in this text. For their help in improving this text I thank the anonymous readers, Chris Baron, James Keenan, James Pfundstein, and Andy Schocket. Finally, I thank my wife, Elaine, and children, Zach, Brandon, and Madeline, for their support, encouragement, and helpful suggestions. In creating the grammatical parsing and vocabulary, I have been careful to keep each page error free.

Given the many data points in this project, it is inevitable that I have made mistakes. For these mistakes and any confusion they cause, I offer my apologies and encourage you to send corrections to me at peekps@bgsu.edu. Beginning students of ancient Greek and of Latin learn a pick-and-choose method of translating: find the subject and the verb and then put the rest of the pieces of the sentence together as if building an item out of Legos. This text encourages you to take each word in the order it comes and to strive to read the language instead of picking and choosing its parts. If adopting this method inspires you to read, then the text will have proved its worth. INTRODUCTIONNOTE TO STUDENTS This book owes its existence to my passion for reading ancient Greek and teaching others to do the same.

Both give me great pleasure. My goal is for you to develop the skills that make the process of reading this ancient language as natural for you as reading English. In considering authors for you to further your study of ancient Greek, I have chosen Herodotus, one of the most readable of the great writers of Greek prose, because he is a natural storyteller and because his subject matter has wide appeal. Though you may pick up Herodotus and begin reading at any point in any book, Book V offers a narrative filled with insight into Greek and Persian customs, rivalry, and intrigue. HERODOTUS AND BOOK V Hailing from Halikarnassos, a cosmopolitan port town on the border between the Greeks and the Persians, Herodotus spans much of the fifth century, living from 484 to 425 B.C.E. In 490 (just before his birth) and again in 480 (just after it), the biggest and most successful empire the world had seen clashed with the fiercely independent city-states of Herodotuss own people.

This surprisingly unsuccessful attack on the Greeks by the rich and powerful Persians may have been an impulse behind his lifes work, the In writing it, Herodotus traveled throughout the Mediterranean and the surrounding lands, interviewing sources and looking over data. His compilation of this information became his Histories, regarded as the first history of the Western world. Though parts of these Histories read as though Herodotus is a carnival barker, calling his audience to view the strange and incredible world of flying snakes, fish-eating horses, and gold-digging ants, underlying even these fantastic accounts lies a reasonable and rational mind, seeking to present what it has gone to great lengths to discover. Owing in part to these sideshow attractions, Herodotuss reputation, from his own day until now, has seen a variety of judgments. Known as both the father of lies and the father of history, Herodotus is shown by modern historiography and archaeology to be systematic and consistently rational. As a whole, his work covers eighty-two yearsfrom 560 to 478 B.C.E.with references going as far back as the first eight gods to exist and as far forward as 430 B.C.E. In Book V he focuses on the Persians: their expansion into Thrakia and Makedonia and their conflict with the Greeks of Ionia.

The Persian Megabazos marches through Thrakia into Makedonia, defeating various tribes along the way. In the midst of this Persian expansion, the Ionian Aristagores seeks help from Sparta and from Athens in his bid to have the Ionians revolt. Within this overarching narrative, Herodotus names over 350 people and places, covering Asia, Africa, and Europe. His narrative begins at an uncertain past time and ends with Aristagores death in about 49796. Herodotus has a discursive style, often beginning a tale, offering the relevant backstory, and then resuming where he left off. His sentences are similarly structured, stating a subject, interrupting with ancillary information, and then completing the thought.

In the upcoming section, I mimic a bit his start, pause, and restart style. In Book V Herodotus lists the customs of the Thrakians, offers insight into the mindset of the Spartans, and records political intrigue at Athens concerning Hippias, Hipparkhos, Kleisthenes, and Isagores. Greek deception gets the better of the Persians. Aristagores brings great destruction on his fellow Ionians. Herodotus leads his audience down the royal road to Sousa and beyond. He presents the origins of the alphabet and the burgeoning of democracy at Athens, freed from tyranny and ruled through (political equality).