A FEMINIST HISTORY SOCIETY BOOK
Playing It Forward
50 Years of Women and Sport in Canada
Edited by
GUYLAINE DEMERS, LORRAINE GREAVES,
SANDRA KIRBY, MARION LAY
Library and Archives Canada Cataloguing in Publication
Playing it forward : 50 years of women and sport in Canada / edited by Guylaine Demers, Lorraine Greaves, Sandra Kirby, Marion Lay.
Reprint. Originally published: Ottawa : Feminist History Society/ Socit dhistoire fministe, [2013]
Issued in print and electronic formats.
Text in English, French essays translated into English.
isbn 978-1-927583-51-7 (pbk.).-- isbn 978-1-927583-52-4 (epub)
1. Sports for women--Canada--History. 2. Feminism and sports--Canada--History. 3. Women athletes--Canada--Biography. I. Demers, Guylaine, 1964-, editor ii . Greaves, Lorraine, editor iii . Kirby, Sandra L. (Sandra Louise), 1949-, editor iv . Lay, Marion, editor
gv 709.18.C2P53 2014 796.0820971 C2014-903825-9
C2014-903826-7
Copyright 2014 Feminist History Society and the authors
www.FeministHistories.ca
Edited by Guylaine Demers, Lorraine Greaves,
Sandra Kirby, and Marion Lay
Copyedited by Sandra Bialystok
English translations by Cynthia Kelly
Original design by Zab Design & Typography Inc.
Every effort has been made to secure permission and provide appropriate credit for photographic material. The publisher deeply regrets any omission and pledges to correct errors called to its attention in subsequent editions.
Second Story Press gratefully acknowledges the support of the Ontario Arts Council and the Canada Council for the Arts for our publishing program. We acknowledge the financial support of the Government of Canada through the Canada Book Fund.
Published by
Second Story Press
20 Maud Street, Suite 401
Toronto, on M5V 2M5
www.secondstorypress.ca
Contents
FEMINIST HISTORY SOCIETY
The Feminist History Society is committed to creating a lasting record of the womens movement in Canada and Qubec for the period between 1960 and the year of the Societys founding, 2010. Our objective is to celebrate 50 years of activity and accomplishment by creating a written legacy, for ourselves, our families and friends, our communities, students and scholars. The beautiful books we publish, with membership support, will be as spirited and diverse as the movement itself, meant to stand together and to encourage and challenge those who follow.
Some writers reject the concept of waves with respect to the history of the womens movement, but many have described the feminist campaigns for suffrage and temperance during the nineteenth and early twentieth century as the first wave of feminism. The upsurge of feminist activism that began in the 1960s has often been characterized as the second wave.
Feminism has a history that predates the 1960s and will continue long after 2010, but our series is intended to encompass events during the second wave. In 1960, the Voice of Women was founded in Canada and Qubec. The decade of the 1960s also saw the appointment of the Royal Commission on the Status of Women and the creation of womens liberation groups across the country. By 2010, as some of the founding mothers of our generation of feminism have begun to die, it serves as a wake-up call regarding the pressing need to chronicle our history. Our movement is not at an end. But the third and fourth waves are upon us, and now is the time to take stock of what we did and how we did it. To preserve our memoirs for posterity before we lose many other key players or our memories begin to fail.
Over the next decade, our goal is to publish one or two books a year chronicling different aspects of the movement from sea to sea to sea. Members of the non-profit Feminist History Society receive an annual book at no extra charge and may also purchase other books published by the Society. The topics will be as diverse as our wide-ranging campaigns for equality through transformative social, economic, civil, political and cultural change. We will make every effort to be inclusive of gender, race, class, geography, culture, dis/ability, language, sexual identity and age. We maintain an open call for submissions.
Our first volume, edited by Marguerite Andersen, was Feminist Journeys/Voies fministes (2010). Michele Landsbergs Writing the Revolution (2011) was the second, and Feminism la Qubcoise (2012) by Micheline Dumont, was the third.
M. Elizabeth Atcheson, Constance Backhouse, Lorraine Greaves, Diana Majury and Beth Symes form the working collective for the Society. Shari Graydon has shared her expertise and time to help move the Society forward. Mary Breen helps with the Societys administration. Sandra Bialystok served as this volumes very skilled editor. Dawn Buie has created the Societys website, making it simple to join and contact us. Zab of Zab Design & Typography has created the visual identity for the Society as well as the book design for the series. We offer our heartfelt thanks to all of the talented and committed women who are providing encouragement, advice and support.
M. ELIZABETH ATCHESON, CONSTANCE BACKHOUSE,
LORRAINE GREAVES, DIANA MAJURY & BETH SYMES
A project of Womens Education and Research Foundation of Ontario Inc.
Charitable Registration No. 889933669 r r 0001
FOREWORD
Lorraine Greaves and Constance Backhouse
WHY A BOOK ABOUT women and sport in the series by the Feminist History Society? Many readers will have lingering memories of the first time they felt the joy of running fast, or jumping high or throwing a ball as far as possible. Others will have less positive memories of physical education classes in school that were crushingly sexist or marginalizing, with vastly different standards and activities for boys and girls.
In the 1960s a second wave womens movement emerged in Canada, inspired by parallel movements for civil rights and social change, but reacting to continued oppression of women within those movements. Feminist activism embraced a range of goals, such as reproductive rights, legal rights and increased labour force participation, struggling to free women from a sexist and limited set of roles that pivoted on motherhood and marriage.
But any consciousness-raising for women in sport was strangely delayed. Despite the explicit feminist focus on the body and its experiences and limits, sport eluded full examination by academics and leaders in the womens movement of the 1960s. Only slowly did the realization emerge that women and girls did not get equal chances to participate; there were boys rules and girls rules, boys teams and resources, and girls, if they got any notice at all, were always second, using second-rate spaces and uniforms. Boys and mens sports and teams dominated school and university life, and male athletes went on to dominate media coverage and the public mind. In many ways, they still do.
Many of the women whose stories are profiled here are athletes who gloried in competition, the drive to win and becoming physically powerful. Others are leaders who often worked behind the scenes to create opportunities for women coaches, to change laws and rules to achieve access for girls and women, or to blaze trails in policy making or academia. We at the Feminist History Society felt that the girls and women who are following in their footsteps, and the wider womens movement, need to know more about the battles that have been fought along the way.