APPENDIX
Basic Rice Cooker Features
Rice Cooker Size
Rice cookers measure size or capacity by cups, ranging from 1 to 10 cups (10 cups equivalent to about 1.8 liters). The smallest rice cooker is about 0.6 liter and can cook up to 3 cups of rice, whereas the largest rice cookers, typically those for commercial use, are about 4.2 liters and can cook about 23 cups of rice. You should not buy an extremely small or large unit unless you need it. A larger unit also is more expensive to operate because it draws higher voltage and power. The recommended rice cooker size for a family of three to four is 1.8 liter, which can cook up to 10 cups of rice and allows enough real estate within the inner pan to do other cooking besides cooking rice. Generally, because serving size differs in the East and West, the exact measurement of a cup in the rice cookers also differs. For example, one Japanese cup is 200 milliliters, as compared to one American cup, which is 240 milliliters. Be aware of such differences and adjust any recipes accordingly.
Rice Cooker Pan
The range of inner pans is almost as varied as that of pans you would choose to use on the stovetop. Rice cookers now come with nonstick pans, anodized aluminum pans, and even stainless steel pans. Choose a rice cooker with the inner pan you prefer to work with. For example, if you do not like to spend too much time cleaning, choose a rice cooker with a nonstick pan. An anodized aluminum pan may allow better dissipation of heat for cooking.
Rice Cooker Lid
The basic models usually come with a metal lid. If there is no extra cost for it, a clear glass or plastic lid is best, as this helps you to eyeball cooking or steaming without lifting up the lid and losing heat while cooking.
Steamer Trays
Depending on the model, rice cooker units may come with a steamer basket or perforated metal tray that sits above the rice so that steaming can be done as the rice cooks. The inner pan can also be filled with water to boil, and in effect, steam the food in the steamer tray. There are other models that even have a small tray or pot that sits right at the bottom of the rice cooker pan, above the cooking element. A steamer tray is considered a very useful accessory, allowing the rice cooker to serve double duty as a steamer.
Cook and Warm Switch
This switch automatically switches to Warm when the inner thermostat in the rice cooker detects the temperature exceeding a pre-designated Cook temperature limit (usually 100C to 120C or 212F to 248F). The Keep Warm mode usually operates at about 65C or above, which means some rice cookers can safely keep rice warm for up to twelve hours. This switch can be intentionally turned to the Keep Warm mode when cooking other food and when heat (temperature) control will be helpful. For example, when you stir-fry in the pan, start with Cook function. When the next step calls for simmering at slightly lower heat, switch the cooker manually to Keep Warm. Most basic Cook and Keep Warm rice cooker models allow you to do this. Read the rice cooker manual to learn what can or cannot be done.
Fuse Protector
Nothing is more important than safety when operating an appliance, especially an appliance such as the rice cooker, which might be left unattended during cooking. This will trip the fuse and prevent possible fires.
CHAPTER 1
Boot Up the Rice Cooker
This book does not advocate the rice cooker as the only appliance you should own in the kitchen, completely replacing your stovetop cooking or one-pot slow cooker. Rather, it hopes to present the rice cooker as a complementary tool in the kitchen, an additional helper that assists you as you whip up a new repertoire of simple home-based recipes. The process of rice cooker cooking should be enjoyed. It cannot be emphasized enough that this style of cooking is really about techniques, including the cooking sequence, knowing the ingredients well, experimenting, and building the experience. With that, this book starts you with a precious grain of rice and leaves you with an open mind toward the possibilities of your rice cooker.
Have You Eaten Your Rice Today?
It is not strange to hear this greeting, as a friendly, cheery form of Hello in Chinese communities around the world. It is also common to hear workers protecting their iron rice bowl, meaning their stable occupation. The popular Seven Necessities that Chinese people considered important in a household are firewood, rice, oil, salt, soy sauce, vinegar, and tea. It's not difficult to explain the importance of rice in the sequence! Rice has been associated with many traditions and cultures around the world. In Sanskrit, the word for rice also meant sustainer of the human race. Indeed, rice is a staple for a large part of the world's population, especially in Asia, where more than 75 percent of the world's rice is harvested.
The precise origins of rice are lost to history, but it is believed that rice was probably domesticated, after wheat and barley, in a few places such as the Yangtze Valley in China and India, in 6500 B.C. It finally became a staple crop in the United States in the late 1600s. During this time journey, rice also reached Japan, Southeast Asia, the Middle East, and Europe. Today each region utilizes rice either as part of cultivation, or as a staple in the diet.
Rice is easy to digest, naturally sodium- and cholesterol-free, and contains only a trace of fat. It is also rich in proteins, with a good balance of the essential amino acids required by the human body systems. Theamount of essential amino acid lysine is one and a half times that of wheat, and twice that of corn.
The freshest and healthiest grains go through many steps from the point of harvest to finally being sold on the shelves. These include sieving (a destoner to remove gravel, magnet to remove metal bits, and color sorter to remove seeds and fragments); hulling, to remove the husk; milling, to go from brown to white; polishing, to ensure the rice is shiny and attractive, and cleaning, to extend storage life.
Rice Surprise
Rice has a far richer diversity than the average supermarket shelf suggests. There are more than 40,000 different varieties of rice, but not all are grown commercially. Different types of rice may also have different levels of starch, causing one type of rice to be stickier or looser than another. Rice is generally categorized into whole-grain or white rice, as well as by the length of the grain. Whole-grain rice is minimally processed and so retains a nutrientrich husk. Since whole-grain rice is not husked, the cooking time typically is longer than that for milled white rice. Whole-grain rice tends to be more flavorful, aromatic, and colorful. The most common variety of whole-grain rice is brown rice; the lesser-known types are black rice and red rice.
Black rice is a rice grain that looks like wild rice when dry. It turns deep purple when cooked and has rich and nutty flavors. The glutinous variety is the black sticky rice, which is used mainly in many Chinese and Southeast Asian desserts. Red rice is unpolished, and the color of the bran is typically maroon-red with the smell of husk. Also known as red cargo rice, it has a chewy texture compared to white rice, and tastes nutty when cooked.