Maureen Gilmer - Living with Wildfire: A Homeowners Handbook
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- Book:Living with Wildfire: A Homeowners Handbook
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- Publisher:Lyons Press
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- Year:2019
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Living with Wildfire: A Homeowners Handbook: summary, description and annotation
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Included is updated information on insuring your property, selecting your home site, packing an emergency kit, and getting public and private assistance. With easy-to-follow diagrams, instructional photographs, and landscaping plans, youll have all the resources necessary to get through fire season and keep your home standing.
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S pecial thanks to those who were so helpful in supplying the facts and valuable information required to write this book. Their encouragement is much appreciated.
Ernst D. Paschke, District Conservationist, USDA Soil Conservation Service
Dan Smith, Director of Communications, American Forests
Gerald Adams, Fire Marshall, Battalion Chief, North Lake Tahoe Fire Protection District
Tim Paysen, Riverside Forest Fire Lab
Steve Arno, Intermountain Research Station, Montana
Steve Kroeger, Division Chief, California Department of Forestry and Fire Protection, Oroville
Steve Carroll, Public Affairs Officer, Boise National Forest
Jason M. Greenlee, Executive Director, International Association of Wildland Fire
Bruce Turbeville, Fire Prevention Education Specialist, California Department of Forestry and Fire Prevention
Obtaining the plants listed in this book should not be difficult as most, if not all, are readily available in the nursery trade. If the local nursery or garden center doesnt have some in stock, its not difficult to special order them for you. Problems arise most often in rural areas, which may not enjoy a thriving retail nursery trade.
Bulk seed for revegetation and erosion control is widely available from local agricultural suppliers, feed stores, and retail nurseries. Buying directly from a local supplier will save you shipping charges, particularly for large, heavy orders. Wildflowers are sold either as individual species or predesigned mixes. They are the best place to find a wide variety to choose from with seed more economically priced in bulk, by the pound.
Applewood Seed Co.
www.applewoodseed.com
Wildflower seed mixes for a wide range of climates nationwide.
Clyde Robin Seed Company
www.clyderobin.com
Able to handle large bulk orders for revegetation or mowable grasslands.
Ernst Seeds
www.ernstseed.com
Hard core conservation seed mixes for restoring sites after mining and landfills. Specific climate blends are valueable for mountain areas.
Granite Seed and Erosion Control
https://graniteseed.com
Wide range of native and site adapted plants for revegetation and supplies for erosion control.
Peaceful Valley Farm Supply
www.groworganic.com
Ideal for community level erosion control projects with agricultural approach to revegetation for livestock.
Sources were viable at the time this book was written. The author is not responsible for discontinued companies or changes of address.
M uch of the United States has experienced an increase in population since World War II and is expected to continue growing at a similar rate. This stimulates a continual need for new housing. The most desirable areas are developed first, then growth must reach for new sites in more rural, steep terrain. This difficult access combined with various types of native vegetation creates a volatile situation that threatens many communities from coast to coast. The urban-wildland interface or I Zone is a new term being used by todays fire suppression and land management experts. It describes the increasing number of situations where residential development contacts natural wildland ecosystems.
Firefighting experts would like to see more stringent controls on where development occurs in order to reduce situations that are in no way defensible, such as homes on steep hillsides where access is limited. They lament insufficient building codes concerning architecture, building materials, landscaping, and management of native vegetation. Some communities have legislated more stringent fire safety regulations that demand only the most basic vegetation controls, such as clearing fuels around homes and chimney caps. But this is just a small step, and with wildland fuels accumulating, we need to take giant leaps in establishing regulations to protect homesites.
All wildfires are not the same. The behavior of a fire is described by factors such as temperature, duration, and speed of travel. Each of these is influenced by the lay of the land, or topography, and the amount of vegetation, or fuel. When evaluating a homesite in terms of wildfire vulnerability, the area outside the yard or property lines is critical. This is because wildfires typically originate off site and must travel to your home, unlike a house fire, which starts within the home itself. For example, your homesite may be protected by well-designed and maintained firescape a defensible space landscape. But if your next-door neighbors house is crowded by tall weeds and overgrown brush, or if your property backs up to dense, unmanaged native vegetation, the heat and ash generated may still threaten your safety. This illustrates how important it is for entire communities to work together in reducing fire danger.
The finest example of this community effort was achieved by Neighbors for Defensible Space in the Lake Tahoe Basin, California. Here pine beetles and other factors have created a tremendous amount of standing dead timber. In addition, the original trees in this basin were drought-tolerant ponderosa and Jeffrey pine, which were logged off during the late 1800s. Only the white fir that clustered in cooler spots remained to reforest the area. Today the basin is filled with fir, which are not at all drought tolerant. This illustrates how the types of trees as well as their density has changed.
Citizens of Incline Village, Nevada, led by Fire Marshall Jerry Adams, realized their vulnerability. They organized a group that developed a comprehensive program of local forest management and the creation of defensible space around homesites. It has been highly successful and became the model for many other groups acting to reduce the overall fire danger in their communities, including those in suburban Colorado and Oregon where fire danger is at an all-time high.
Keep in mind this is no simple matter. Neighbors had to coordinate input, demands, and concerns from many different agencies not always agreement with each other. It was a long and arduous effort working with the US Forest Service, Tahoe Regional Planning Agency, Nevada
Division of Forestry, as well as other environmental groups. Yet all were in agreement: the dense predominately fir forests were sure to decline from invasions of pests and disease, then burn in cataclysmic fires. Also supporting the project were the North Lake Tahoe Chamber of Commerce, University of Nevada at Reno Cooperative Extension, and the North Lake Tahoe Fire District.
Firefighting agencies are responsible for protecting residential areas from the threat of wildfires. Historically they have reduced the threat by controlling vegetation through prescribed burning where the terrain and access made this a safe solution. They also have used goat herds to consume vegetation. Some rural homeowners in rolling grasslands disk the soil around their houses each year in order to turn under the dry grass before fire season.
In the last two decades, the Endangered Species Act has identified various plants and animals that are threatened with extinction due to a shrinking habitat. This program dictated that certain areas in which these species live should be preserved at any cost by simply leaving the sites untouched. As a result, efforts to burn, graze, or disk away the fire hazard have been hampered or curtailed entirely by law.
The reality of this approach to land management is that the species may be at greater risk due to such neglect. For example, prescribed burns allow wildlife to move into other areas outside the fire zone. Eventually they will return with the vegetation. If left untouched, this same area will burn far hotter and over such a large, uncontrolled area that the wildlife cannot escape, and plants that normally survive natural burns, such as mature ponderosa pine, will be permanently damaged or killed. Today in the Boise National Forest, rare trout species are being poached in their streams, a scenario rarely encountered until recent years.
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