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R. H. Dyer - From Real to Complex Analysis

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R. H. Dyer From Real to Complex Analysis

From Real to Complex Analysis: summary, description and annotation

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The purpose of this book is to provide an integrated course in real and complex analysis for those who have already taken a preliminary course in real analysis. It particularly emphasises the interplay between analysis and topology.

Beginning with the theory of the Riemann integral (and its improper extension) on the real line, the fundamentals of metric spaces are then developed, with special attention being paid to connectedness, simple connectedness and various forms of homotopy. The final chapter develops the theory of complex analysis, in which emphasis is placed on the argument, the winding number, and a general (homology) version of Cauchys theorem which is proved using the approach due to Dixon.

Special features are the inclusion of proofs of Montels theorem, the Riemann mapping theorem and the Jordan curve theorem that arise naturally from the earlier development. Extensive exercises are included in each of the chapters, detailed solutions of the majority of which are given at the end. From Real to Complex Analysis is aimed at senior undergraduates and beginning graduate students in mathematics. It offers a sound grounding in analysis; in particular, it gives a solid base in complex analysis from which progress to more advanced topics may be made.

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R. H. Dyer and D. E. Edmunds Springer Undergraduate Mathematics Series From Real to Complex Analysis 2014 10.1007/978-3-319-06209-9_1
Springer International Publishing Switzerland 2014
1. The Riemann Integral
R. H. Dyer 1
(1)
Department of Mathematics, University of Sussex, Brighton, UK
R. H. Dyer (Corresponding author)
Email:
D. E. Edmunds
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Abstract
An account is given of the Riemann integral for real-valued functions defined on intervals of the real line, a rapid development of the topic made possible by use of the Darboux approach in place of that originally adopted by Riemann. The sense in which integration is the inverse of differentiation is investigated. To cope with the demands of the later chapters the improper Riemann integral is introduced. Uniform convergence of sequences and series is defined and its usefulness in interchanging integration and limits established; to help with circumstances in which uniform convergence is not present, Arzels theorem is proved.
In this chapter we give an account of the Riemann integral for real-valued functions defined on intervals of the real line. This integral is of historic interest, has considerable intuitive appeal and possesses great practical value. For economy of presentation we use the approach of Darbo;Lux rather than that originally employed by Riemann.
Hidden from immediate view but at the heart of the chapter lies the sense in which integration is the inverse of differentiation. For the class of continuous functions the Riemann integral provides an affirmative answer to the question Given From Real to Complex Analysis - image 1 , where From Real to Complex Analysis - image 2 and From Real to Complex Analysis - image 3 are real and From Real to Complex Analysis - image 4 , does there exist From Real to Complex Analysis - image 5 such that Picture 6 With somewhat greater effort, development of the Lebesgue integral would allow us to enlarge this class. However, for the topics covered in this text the answer provided suffices; in particular, it is entirely adequate in the resolution of an analogous question asked in the context of complex analysis, a question which is the focus of our final chapter.
1.1 Basic Definitions and Results
Definition 1.1.1
Let From Real to Complex Analysis - image 7 and From Real to Complex Analysis - image 8 be real numbers, with From Real to Complex Analysis - image 9 . Any finite set of points From Real to Complex Analysis - image 10 with is called a partition of and will often be denoted by - photo 11is called a partition of and will often be denoted by we put - photo 12 is called a partition of From Real to Complex Analysis - image 13 and will often be denoted by From Real to Complex Analysis - image 14 ; we put From Real to Complex Analysis - image 15From Real to Complex Analysis - image 16 and call the width of The family of all partitions of is denoted by - photo 17 the width of Picture 18 . The family of all partitions of Picture 19 is denoted by Picture 20 , or simply by Picture 21 if no ambiguity is possible. Let From Real to Complex Analysis - image 22From Real to Complex Analysis - image 23 or simply From Real to Complex Analysis - image 24 be the family of all bounded functions From Real to Complex Analysis - image 25 ; given any From Real to Complex Analysis - image 26 and any From Real to Complex Analysis - image 27 , put
From Real to Complex Analysis - image 28
for From Real to Complex Analysis - image 29 and call
the upper and lower sums of with respect to respectively Note that - photo 30
the upper and lower sums of Picture 31 with respect to Picture 32 , respectively.
Note that Picture 33 is the sum of the signed areas of Picture 34 rectangles, the Picture 35 of which has base Picture 36 and height Picture 37 ; Picture 38 is the same except that the Picture 39 rectangle has height Picture 40 . These quantities are familiar to anyone who has tried to estimate the area of the set of points lying between the curve Picture 41
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