Daisy Yulin Tsai - Human Rights in Deuteronomy: With Special Focus on Slave Laws (Beihefte Zur Zeitschrift Fur Die Alttestamentliche Wissenschaft): 464

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Table of Contents

Appendix A: A Compilation of Biblical and Cuneiform Law Collections

Appendix B: Biblical and ANE Slave Laws and ANE Laws Related to Slave Issues

The texts of the ANE slave laws are cited from Martha T. Roth, Law Collections from Mesopotamia and Asia Minor (Atlanta: Scholars Press, 1997). The texts of Exod 21:211; Lev 25 39 55; Deut 15:1218, are not reproduced here.

Notations and symbols appear in the following texts:

[ ] Full square brackets mark restorations to broken text in the original.

< > Half square brackets mark modern insertion of text omitted by the ancient scribe.

( ) Parentheses enclose material added to the English translation.

Ellipses mark untranslatable text or a gap.

Slave escape
1. Slave escape protecting runaway slaves (Deut 23:1617 [Eng. 21:1516])
2. Slave escape returning runaway slaves	(1). Rewards of Returning a Runaway Slave (LU 17; LH 17; HL 2224)	LU 17 If [a slave or (?)] a slave women [] venture beyond the borders of (his or) her city and a man returns (him or) her, the slaves master shall weigh and deliver [x] shekels of silver to the man who returned (the slave).
LH 17 If a man seizes a fugitive slave or slave woman in the open country and leads him back to his owner, the slave owner shall give him 2 shekels of silver.
HL 22a If male slave runs away, and someone brings him back, if he seizes him nearby, his owner shall give shoes to the finder. 22b. If he seizes him on the near side of the river, he shall pay 2 shekels of silver. If on the far side of the river, he shall pay him 3 shekels of silver.
HL 23a If a male slave runs away and goes to the land of Luwiya, his owner shall pay 6 shekels of silver to whomever brings him back. 23b. If a male slave runs away and goes into an enemy country, whoever brings him back shall keep him for himself.
HL 24 If a male or female slave runs away, the one at whose hearth the slave owner finds him/her shall pay one months wages: 12 shekels of silver for a man, 6 shekels of silver for a woman.
(2). Punishments for Not Returning Runaway Slave (LL 1213; LE 4950; LH 16, 18, 19, 20)	LL 12 If a mans female slave or male slave flees within the city, and it is confirmed that the slave dwelt in a mans house for one month, he (the one who harbored the fugitive slave) shall give slave for slave.
LL 13 If he has no slave, he shall weigh and deliver 15 shekels of silver.
LE 49 If a man should be seized with a stolen slave or a stolen slave woman, a slave shall lead a slave, a slave woman shall lead a slave woman.
LE 50 If a military governor, a governor of a canal system, or any person in a position of authority seizes a fugitive slave, fugitive slave woman, stray ox, or stray donkey belonging either to the palace or to a commoner, and does not lead it to Eshnunna but detains it in his house and allows more than one month to elapse, the palace shall bring a charge of theft against him.
LH 16 If a man should harbor a fugitive slave or a slave woman of either the palace or of a commoner in his house and not bring him out at the heralds public proclamation, that householder shall be killed. LH 18 If that slave should refuse to identify his owner, he shall lead him off to the palace, his circumstances shall be investigated, and they shall return him to his owner.
LH 19 If he should detain that slave in his own house and afterward the slave is discovered in his possession, that man shall be killed.
LH 20 If the slave should escape the custody of the one who seized him, that man shall swear an oath by the god to the owner of the slave, and he shall be released.
(3). Prohibition against a Slave Crossing through the Main City-gate (LE 51, 52; LH 15)	LE 51 A slave or a slave woman belonging to (a resident of) Eshnunna who bears fetters, shackles, or a slave hairlock will not exit through the main city-gate of Eshnunna without his owner.
LE 52 A slave or a slave woman who has entered the main city-gate of Eshnunna in the safekeeping of only a foreign envoy shall be made to bear fetters, shackles, or a slave hairlock and thereby is kept safe for his owner.
LH 15 If a man should enable a palace slave, a palace slave woman, a commoners slave, or a commoners slave woman to leave through the main city-gate, he shall be killed.
Slave Purchase and Management
1. Discipline to a Rebellious Slave (LU 2526, HL173b)	LU 25 If a slave woman curses thority of her mistress, they of salt.	someone acting with the aushall scour her mouth with one sila
LU 26 If a slave woman strikes someone acting with the authority of her mistress, [].
HL 173b If a slave rebels against his owner, he shall go into a clay jar.
2. Unlawfully Taking Possession of a Slave (LE 40; LH 7	LE 40 If a man buys a slave, a slave woman, an ox, or any other purchase, but cannot establish the identity of the seller, it is he who is a theft.
LH 7 If a man should purchase silver, gold, a slave, a slave woman, an ox, a sheep, a donkey, or anything else whatsoever, form a son of a man or from a slave of a man without witnesses or a contractor if he accepts the goods for safekeepingthat man is a thief, he shall be killed.

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