All of the historic images in this book are part of the vast collection of the Southern Oregon Historical Society, one of the states largest archives and repositories of late-19th century photographs of Pacific Northwest settlement. The Southern Oregon Historical Society was formed in 1946 in an effort to save the old Jacksonville Courthouse, built in Jacksonville in 1883. Twenty years had passed since the county seat moved to Medford and the building was in desperate need of repair. Windows were broken out, transients were sleeping in the building, and what was once known as the Crowning Glory of Jacksonville had become an abandoned relic of the past. The Southern Oregon Historical Society restored the Jacksonville Courthouse to its glory days and opened a museum in the building. Over the years, the collection grew and today the society is responsible for the preservation of over a quarter of a million artifacts and tens of thousands of documents and photographs. The Southern Oregon Historical Society is funded entirely by members and donors. To learn more or to become a member or make a donation, visit sohs.org or phone (541) 899-8123. You may also purchase copies of any of the historic photographs in this book by contacting the Southern Oregon Historical Society.
One
THE EARLY YEARS
James Poole and James Cluggage are credited with discovering gold during the winter of 18511852 in what soon became known as Table Rock City. Try as they might to keep the discovery a secret, soon they were joined by hundreds of gold miners seeking their fortunes. Some came north from California where the gold was becoming scarce, and others came south from the settlements in the Willamette Valley and as far away as Portland and Oregon City.
Those seeking their fortune staked a claim and began the backbreaking work of panning for gold during the day and sleeping wherever they could find shelter from the elements at night. Some of the men decided they could make more money hauling freight by pack-wagons than they could panning for gold. They would take their wagons, pulled by mules, to the larger settlements up north, purchase the supplies the miners needed, and then return to Jacksonville and sell the goods. Routes were established for hauling supplies to and from Crescent City where items came in on ships. Soon, a few buildings began to appear in Table Rock City and businesses opened. Families were drawn to the area, some in search of gold, others in search of land to ranch and farm. Table Rock City, named for the massive mountains off in the distance, gave way to the name of Jacksonville.
Those who settled in Jacksonville began to miss the towns they had left behind and decided their new town needed a school, a courthouse, and a church. In short order, Jacksonville began to look like the towns the pioneers had left behind.
These are some of the first photographs of Jacksonville, when the town was in its infancy. In the foreground is the back of Chinatown. The photograph above was taken prior to 1854 when St. Andrews Church was built. The photograph below shows the church as well as a few more structures.
The life of a miner was not an easy one. They did not have much in the way of protective clothing, and they had to wade out in the cold streams and work hunched over for hours at a time searching for that elusive gold nugget. The gentleman shown here is crouched on a board that was placed across a small creek in Jacksonville. The miners placed their gold pan in the water hundreds of times a day, bringing it up time after time hoping to find some gold dust or a gold nugget amongst the silt and water. Some did strike it rich, but others kept moving from one area to the next. Miner Stephen Oester is pictured below with his tools. In addition to his gold pan, he has his pick and ax.
Peter Britt was born on March 19, 1819, in Obstalden, canton of Glarus, Switzerland. As a young man, he worked as a portrait and landscape painter. His work took him from one small hamlet to the next. While engaged in this line of work, he met a young lady by the name of Amalia Grob. Amalias father did not approve of the profession that Britt had carved out for himself, and soon the relationship ended. Britt immigrated to America and settled in Illinois. He later came overland to Oregon. The years went by, but Britt always maintained contact with friends and family in Illinois. It was through such contact that he learned Amalia was living in Wisconsin with her six-year old son Jacob, and she had been recently widowed. Britt immediately wrote to her giving her two options. He offered to send her money to return to their home country or she could come to Oregon and marry him. She chose the latter and came around the Horn. They were married in a small ceremony at a friends house. Over the years, they had three children.