John Keegan - Whos Who in World War II

Whos Who in World War TwoThe Routledge Whos Who series Accessible, authoritative and enlightening, these are the definitive biographical guides to a diverse range of subjects drawn from literature and the arts, history and politics, religion and mythology. Whos Who in Ancient Egypt Michael Rice Whos Who in the Ancient Near East Gwendolyn Leick Whos Who in Christianity Lavinia Cohn-Sherbok Whos Who in Classical Mythology Michael Grant and John Hazel Whos Who in Contemporary Gay and Lesbian History Edited by Robert Aldrich and Garry Wotherspoon Whos Who in Contemporary Womens Writing Edited by Jane Eldridge Miller Whos Who in Contemporary World Theatre Edited by Daniel Meyer-Dinkegrfe Whos Who in Dickens Donald Hawes Whos Who in Europe 14501750 Henry Kamen Whos Who in Gay and Lesbian History Edited by Robert Aldrich and Garry Wotherspoon Whos Who in the Greek World John Hazel Whos Who in Jewish History Joan Comay, revised by Lavinia Cohn-Sherbok Whos Who in Military History John Keegan and Andrew Wheatcroft Whos Who in Modern History Alan Palmer Whos Who in Nazi Germany Robert S.Wistrich Whos Who in the New Testament Ronald Brownrigg Whos Who in Non-Classical Mythology Egerton Sykes, revised by Alan Kendall Whos Who in the Old Testament Joan Comay Whos Who in the Roman World John Hazel Whos Who in Russia since 1900 Martin McCauley Whos Who in Shakespeare Peter Quennell and Hamish Johnson Whos Who of Twentieth-Century Novelists Tim Woods Whos Who in Twentieth-Century World Poetry Edited by Mark Willhardt and Alan Michael Parker Whos Who in Twentieth Century Warfare Spencer Tucker Whos Who in World War One John Bourne Whos Who in World War Two Edited by John Keegan Whos WhoinWorld War Two EDITED BY JOHN KEEGAN London and New York First published 1978 by Arms and Armour Press as Who Was Who in World War II Revised edition published in 1995 by Routledge 11 New Fetter Lane, London EC4P 4EE This edition first published 2002 Simultaneously published in the USA and Canada by Routledge 29 West 35th Street, New York, NY 10001 Routledge is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group This edition published in the Taylor & Francis e-Library, 2004. 1978, 1984, 1995, 2002 Bison Books Ltd All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced or utilized in any form or by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publishers. British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library Library of Congress Cataloguing in Publication Data A catalog record for this book has been requested ISBN 0-203-43246-0 Master e-book ISBN ISBN 0-203-44786-7 (Adobe eReader Format) ISBN 0-415-26033-7 (Print Edition) Contents Introduction vii WHOS WHO IN WORLD WAR II AZ 1 Introduction World War II, unlike World War I, was truly a global conflict, fought in every one of the five continents, from the Caribbean to the South China Sea, from New Guinea to the North Cape, and by combatants from every continental region, Latin America, the Balkans, Scandinavia, the Middle East, South Asia and Africa as well as from Europe and North America. It was also, as World War I had not been, a conflict of ideologies.

Its dramatis personae was therefore of a peculiar richness, including not only soldiers and statesmen of orthodox background but three dictators of world statureHitler, Mussolini and Stalin, demagogues like Goebbels and ideologues like Alfred Rosenberg, politicians of charismatic power, like Franklin Delano Roosevelt, prophets of national renaissance, like Charles de Gaulle, and of national liberation like Mahatma Gandhi, showmen, mountebanks, martyrs, heroes, traitors and quislingsa word we owe to the politics of World War II. This book attempts to assemble the most important among this vast cast of characters, from every country and from every sphere of responsibilityor irresponsibilityand to convey not only the salient facts about the life and career of each but also the flavor of his individuality. Editors NotesCross-references: separate entries can be found for those personages whose names appear in capital letters within another entry or a caption. Dates: information regarding the birth and/or death dates for some personages is unavailable. All relevant data which have been obtained are included even if incomplete. AAdachi, Lieutenant General Hatazo,18861960 Ainsworth held numerous 18901947 Adachi was the Japanese commands in the Pacific but he is Commander in New Guinea.

In Novem remembered for his part in the Battles of ber 1942 Adachi took over as Com-Kula Gulf and Kolombangara. Ainsworth mander of the Eighteenth Army and was in command of a task force of three fought the desperate battle to hold on to cruisers and five destroyers which was New Guinea. His headquarters was at escorting the invasion force to New Rabaul which meant that all his supplies Georgia. On 45 July 1943 his guns had to come by sea; this became a severe shelled Vila and Bairoko but he lost a problem because the US had air superior-destroyer in this action. On the night of ity and were trying to encircle Rabaul. 56 July Ainsworths force was patrolling His Army, which was equivalent to a US the Kula Gulf when they ran into Corps, was forced to retreat down the Japanese transports on a reinforcement Kokoda Trail and shortly thereafter was mission to New Georgia.

The battle was pushed back from Buna, Salamaua and very confused: the US ships did not stay Madang. Adachi would not give up and in formation and one cruiser, the Helena, was determined to reach Hollandia to es-was sunk. It was thought that Ainsworth tablish a base from which he could fight had repulsed the transports but the the Americans and Australians. He Japanese had landed on New Georgia. reached Wewak but in April 1944 the US On the night of 1213 July Ainsworth anticipated him and made an amphibious took part in his fifteenth combat mission attack on Hollandia, Adachi and his men up the Slot, the channel dividing the (31,000) were now cut off at Wewak and Solomons in two. The US had the their attempt to break out was contained advantage of radar but the Japanese had by General Halls XI Corps.

They faced an anti-radar tracking device. The death from disease and starvation but Japanese were also equipped with Long Adachi determined not to set foot on my Lance torpedoes which had greater range countrys soil again but to remain as a and higher speed than US torpedoes. clod of earth in the Southern Seas with Ainsworth did not know of the potential 100,000 officers and men. He made an-of these torpedoes and was lucky to lose other brave but pointless attempt to break only one destroyer in this action. out in May 1945. This time the Austral-Ainsworth continued to serve in the Pacific ian 6th Division repulsed his men and the and supported the amphibious operation Japanese lost 9000.

When news of the in the Marianas. He retired in 1948. Japanese capitulation reached him, he surrendered on 13 September 1945 with Alexander, Field Marshal Sir Harold, 13,500 men. In 1947 he was sentenced to 18911969 Alexander was one of the out-life imprisonment for war crimes. standing Commanders of the British Army, who was called in by CHURCHILL in