Chanel - Saving Mona Lisa: The Battle to Protect the Louvre and its Treasures During World War II
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- Book:Saving Mona Lisa: The Battle to Protect the Louvre and its Treasures During World War II
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DESCRIPTION
In August 1939, curators at the Louvre nestled the worlds most famous painting into a special red-velvet-lined case and spirited her away to the Loire Valley. Thus began the biggest evacuation of art and antiquities in history. As the Germans neared Paris in 1940, the French raced to move the masterpieces still further south, then again and again during the war, crisscrossing the southwest of France. At times Mona Lisa slept at the bedside of curators who were painfully aware of their heavy responsibility.
Throughout the German occupation, the Louvres staff fought to keep the priceless treasures out of the hands of Hitler and his henchmen and to keep the Louvre palace safe, many of them risking their jobs and their lives to protect the countrys artistic heritage. Saving Mona Lisa is the sweeping, suspenseful narrative of their battle.
Superbly researched and accompanied by riveting photographs of the period, Saving Mona Lisa is a compelling true story of art and beauty, intrigue and ingenuity, and remarkable moral courage in the face of one of the most fearful enemies in history.
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SAVING
MONA LISA
The Battle to Protect the Louvre
& its Treasures During World War II
GERRI CHANEL
Note: Throughout book, click on images to enlarge
In accordance with the U.S. Copyright Act of 1976, the scanning, uploading and electronic sharing of any part of this book without the permission of the publisher is unlawful piracy and theft of the authors intellectual property. If you would like to use material from the book (other than for review purposes), prior written permission must be obtained by contacting the publisher at info@heliopa.net.
Thank you for your support of the author's rights.
Copyright 2014 by Gerri Chanel
All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, distributed, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without the prior written permission of the publisher, except in the case of brief quotations embodied in critical reviews and certain other noncommercial uses permitted by copyright law. For permission requests, contact the publisher at info@heliopa.net or at:
Heliopa Press, LLC
P. O. Box 8, FDR Station
New York, NY 10150
First edition.
Printed in the United States of America
Publishers Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Chanel, Gerri.
Saving Mona Lisa : the battle to protect the Louvre and
its treasures during World War II / Gerri Chanel.
pages cm
Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN 978-0-615-99039-2 (pbk.)
1. Muse du LouvreHistory20th century. 2. Art
treasures in warFranceHistory20th century. 3.
World War, 19391945Art and the war. 4. Cultural
propertyProtectionFranceHistory20th century. 5.
FranceHistoryGerman occupation, 19401945. I.
Title.
N9165.F8 C88 2014
940.53dc23
2014906590
Book design by Jordan Wannemacher
Above all, France was obligated to save the spiritual values it held as an integral part of its soul and its culture. To put its artworks, its archives and its libraries out of harms way was indeed one of our countrys first reflexes of defense.
ROSE VALLAND, Le Front de lArt
There are fights that you may lose without losing your honor; what makes you lose your honor is not to fight.
JACQUES JAUJARD, Feuilles
CONTENTS
PART I FROM WAR TO WAR
FALL 1187 to SUMMER 1938
PART II INTO EXILE
FALL 1938 to SPRING 1940
PART III EXODUS, ART AND OCCUPIERS
SPRING 1940 to FALL 1942
PART IV NEW BORDERS, NEW BATTLES
NOVEMBER 1942 to DECEMBER 1943
PART V DANGER, HOPE AND FREEDOM
JANUARY 1944 to AUGUST 1944
Part VI HOMECOMING
AUGUST 1944 to OCTOBER 1947
MUSE DU LOUVRE EXTERIOR
PRIMARY LOUVRE STORAGE DEPOTS
DURING WORLD WAR II
PRIMARY LOUVRE STORAGE SITES
DURING WORLD WAR II
AND THE PARTITION OF FRANCE JUNE 1940 TO NOVEMBER 1942
ITINERARY OF
THE MONA LISA
September 1938 Paris to Chambord
September 1938 Chambord to Paris
August 1939 Paris to Chambord
November 1939 Chambord to Louvigny
June 1940 Louvigny to Loc-Dieu Abbey (Martiel)
October 1940 Loc-Dieu to Montauban
August 1939 Paris to Chambord
March 1943 Montauban to Chteau de Montal (Saint-Jean-Lespinasse)
June 1945 Montal to Paris
SELECTED
INDIVIDUALS &
ORGANIZATIONS
Individuals
Early roles during World War II
FRENCH
Marcel Aubert Curator of the Louvres Department of Sculptures
Germain Bazin Assistant curator of the Louvre's Department of Paintings, reporting to Ren Huyghe; head of art depot at the chteau de Sourches.
Joseph Billiet Assistant director of national museums, reporting to Jacques Jaujard, director.
Jacqueline Bouchot-Saupique Art historian and professor at the cole du Louvre; also served as Jacques Jaujards assistant during the war.
Abel Bonnard Appointed Minister of National Education in April 1942, replacing Jrme Carcopino. The French Fine Arts Administration fell under his purview.
Jrme Carcopino Minister of National Education 1941 to 1942, replaced by Abel Bonnard.
Andr Chamson Until the war, assistant curator at Versailles; also a writer. Resided at the Louvre evacuation depots with his wife, Louvre archivist Lucie Mazauric.
Christiane Desroches Noblecourt Louvre staff member specializing in Egyptology.
Carle Dreyfus Curator of the Louvres Dpartement des Objets dart and first depot director at Valenay.
Hans Haug Depot director at Cheverny as of 1940.
Louis Hautecur Secretary General of Fine Arts from summer 1940. The French national museum systemincluding the Louvrewas under his control. He reported to the Minister of National Education. Replaced spring 1944 by Georges Hilaire.
Magdeleine Hours Louvre staff member specializing in painting restoration.
Ren Huyghe Head curator of the Louvres Department of Paintings, reporting to Jacques Jaujard. Head of various Louvre evacuation depots.
Jacques Jaujard Appointed acting director of the Muses Nationaux (French National Museums) in December 1939 and director in September 1940. Responsible for the Louvre. Reported to the Secretary General of Fine Arts, Louis Hautecur.
Suzanne Kahn Jaujards assistant when the war began.
Lucie Mazauric In charge of the Louvre archives. Resided at the Louvre evacuation depots during the war; married to Andr Chamson.
Pierre Laval Vichy Prime Minister June to December 1940 and April 1942 to August 1944, reporting to Head of State Philippe Ptain.
Philippe Ptain Head of Vichy government.
Pierre Schommer One of the senior administrators of the French national museum system; head of the Chambord evacuation depot.
Charles Sterling A curator in the Louvres Department of Paintings; assigned to the evacuation depots.
Rose Valland Volunteer staff member at the Jeu de Paume Museum.
Grald Van der Kemp Louvre staff member; appointed head of the Valenay evacuation depot in autumn 1940.
Henri Verne Director of the Muses Nationaux from 1926 to 1939; succeeded by Jacques Jaujard in 1940.
GERMAN
Otto Abetz Appointed German ambassador to France in 1940. Ally of Joachim von Ribbentrop.
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