Niall Ferguson - The Square and the Tower: Networks and Power, from the Freemasons to Facebook

. The Conspiracy to Rule the World. (Source: http://illuminutti.com/2012/04/16/finally-mapped-conspiracy-to-rule-the-world/)

. A partial food web for the Scotian Shelf in the north-west Atlantic. (From D. M. Lavigne, Ecological Interactions between Marine Mammals, Commercial Fisheries, and Their Prey: Unravelling the Tangled Web, in Studies of High-Latitude Seabirds, 4: Trophic Relationships and Energetics of Endotherms in Cold Ocean Systems, ed. W. A. Montevecchi, Occasional Paper 91, 5971 (Canadian Wildlife Service, Ottawa, Canada, 1996). Reprinted by permission of Dr David M. Lavigne)

. Google n-gram of the frequency of appearance of the words network and hierarchy in English-language publications between 1800 and 2000. (Reprinted by permission of The Google Ngram Viewer Team, part of Google Research, http://books.google.com/ngrams)

. Eulers figure 1 from his Solutio problematis ad geometriam situs pertinentis (1741).

. Simplified graph of Eulers Knigsberg bridge problem.

. The foundational concepts of network theory.

. A simple (but tragic) network: Shakespeares Hamlet. (From Franco Moretti, Network Theory, Plot Analysis, Literary Lab, Pamphlet 2, 1 May 2011)

. Varieties of network. (From Ricard V. Sol and Sergi Valverde, Information Theory of Complex Networks: On Evolution and Architectural Constraints, Lecture Notes in Physics, 650 (2004), 192. Reprinted with the permission of Springer)

. Hierarchy: a special kind of network.

. The Medici network. (From John F. Padgett and C. K. Ansell, Robust Action and the Rise of the Medici 14001434, American Journal of Sociology, 98, 6 (1993), Figure 2a. Reprinted by permission of The University of Chicago Press)

. A network of conquest: the intermarriage of conquistadors and elite Aztec and Inca families. (By Alvy Ray Smith, from Charles C. Mann, 1493: Uncovering the New World Columbus Created, Knopf, 2011. Reprinted by permission)

. The English Protestant network immediately before and after John Bradfords execution. (From Ruth Ahnert and Sebastian E. Ahnert, Protestant Letter Networks in the Reign of Mary I: A Quantitative Approach, ELH, 82, 1 (Spring 2015), 27, Figures 7 and 8. Copyright 2015 The Johns Hopkins University Press. Reprinted by permission of The Johns Hopkins University Press)

. The trade network of the British East India Company, 16201824. (From Emily Erikson, Between Monopoly and Free Trade: The English East India Company, 16001757 (Princeton University Press, 2014), 114. Reprinted by permission of Princeton University Press)

. Voltaires network of correspondents. (From http://republicofletters.stanford.edu/casestudies/voltaire.html. Reprinted by permission of Republic of Letters)

. Parody on Raphaels School of Athens, by James Scott, after Sir Joshua Reynolds (1751).

. The revolutionary network in Boston, c. 1775. (From Shin-Kap Han, The Other Ride of Paul Revere, Mobilization, 14, 2 (2009))

. The House of Saxe-Coburg-Gotha.

. James Watt, Matthew Boulton and the social network of steam engine technology, c. 17001800. (From Francis C. Moon, Social Networks in the History of Innovation and Invention (Springer, 2014), KL 4924. Reprinted by permission of Springer)

. Nineteenth-century networks of scientific practice. (From P. J. Taylor, M. Hoyler and D. M. Evans, A Geohistorical Study of the Rise of Modern Science: Mapping Scientific Practice through Urban Networks, 1500-1900, Minerva 46, no. 4 (2008), 391410. Reprinted by permission of Springer)

. The English Octopus: It Feeds on Nothing but Gold! Anti-Rothschild cartoon, 1894. (From W. H. Harvey, Coins Financial School (1894).)

. The myth of Lord Milners network.

. The Bloomsbury Group c. 1925. (From Peter Dolton, Identifying Social Network Effects, Economic Record, 93, Supplement S1 (June 2017), Figure 2. Reprinted by permission of the Economic Society of Australia)

. Evolution of the major relationship changes between the protagonists of the First World War, 18721907. (From Tibor Antal, Paul Krapivsky and Sidney Redner, Social Balance on Networks: The Dynamics of Friendship and Enmity, Physica D, 224, 130 (2006), Figure 10. Reprinted by permission of Elsevier Science Limited)

. Die Ausgesaugten (The Sucked Dry).

. Alone in Berlin: Otto Hampel and his wife, Elise.

. The Soviet organization of science under Stalin. (From Blair A. Ruble, Leningrad: Shaping a Soviet City (University of California Press, 1990), 130. Reprinted by permission)

. Alfred Sloans Organization Study for General Motors (1921).

. General Sir Walter Walker. (Copyright National Portrait Gallery, London)

. William Phillips. (Courtesy LSE Library)

. Richard Nixons ego network.

. Henry Kissingers ego network.

. The Nixon and Ford administrations ego network.

. The Nixon and Ford administrations directed network.

. Network design for Arpanet, 1969.

. Networks of Polish opposition, 198081. (From Maryjane Osa, Solidarity and Contention: Networks of Polish Opposition (University of Minnesota Press, 2003), copyright 2003 by the Regents of the University of Minnesota. Reprinted by permission of the University of Minnesota Press)

. Nelson Mandela with Klaus Schwab at Davos, January 1992. (Copyright World Economic Forum)

. The global Salafi network, c. 2004. (From Marc Sageman, Understanding Terror Networks (University of Pennsylvania Press, 2004), copyright 2004 by the University of Pennsylvania Press. Reprinted with the permission of the University of Pennsylvania Press)

. Networked insurgencies: diagram from the Army Counterinsurgency Manual (2014 edition). (US Army, Insurgencies and Countering Insurgencies, Figure 4-3)

. Network connectivity balloons in the international financial system. (From a 2011 presentation by Andrew Haldane. Used by permission of Andrew Haldane/Bank of England)

. Use of mobile phones and social networks in China, the United States and Egypt, 2010. (Source: Pew Research Center)

. The Al-Qaeda network through American eyes, c. 2012. (From Mary Habeck et al., A Global Strategy for Combating Al-Qaeda and the Islamic State (American Enterprise Institute, 2015). Reprinted with the permission of the American Enterprise Institute)