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OECD - OECD Environmental Performance Reviews: Latvia 2019

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OECD OECD Environmental Performance Reviews: Latvia 2019
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OECD Environmental Performance Reviews Latvia 2019 Please cite this - photo 1
OECD Environmental Performance Reviews: Latvia 2019
Please cite this publication as:
OECD (2019), OECD Environmental Performance Reviews: Latvia 2019 , OECD Environmental Performance Reviews, OECD Publishing, Paris, https://doi.org/10.1787/2cb03cdd-en .
Metadata Legal and Rights ISBN 978-92-64-74014-3 print - - photo 2
Metadata, Legal and Rights
ISBN: 978-92-64-74014-3 (print) - 978-92-64-17273-9 (pdf) - 978-92-64-73862-1 (HTML) - 978-92-64-47762-9 (epub)
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1787/2cb03cdd-en
OECD Environmental Performance Reviews
ISSN: 1990-0104 (print) - 1990-0090 (online)
This work is published under the responsibility of the Secretary-General of the OECD. The opinions expressed and arguments employed herein do not necessarily reflect the official views of OECD member countries.
This document, as well as any data and any map included herein, are without prejudice to the status of or sovereignty over any territory, to the delimitation of international frontiers and boundaries and to the name of any territory, city or area.
The statistical data for Israel are supplied by and under the responsibility of the relevant Israeli authorities. The use of such data by the OECD is without prejudice to the status of the Golan Heights, East Jerusalem and Israeli settlements in the West Bank under the terms of international law.
Photo credits: Cover Mivr/Shutterstock.com and kavalenkava/Shutterstock.com.
Corrigenda to OECD publications may be found on line at: www.oecd.org/about/publishing/corrigenda.htm .
OECD 2019
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Preface

On the shores of the Baltic Sea, Latvia has abundant water resources and hosts a rich biodiversity. Forests cover half its territory and underpin a buoyant wood-processing sector. Biomass is the countrys main domestic energy source, placing Latvia among the leading OECD countries in renewable energy sources and helping to mitigate greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions.

Harmonisation with European Union environmental requirements as well as major investments have driven progress in many areas such as air, water and waste management. However, some environmental pressures are likely to increase with sustained economic growth. More work is needed to comply with the Paris Agreement climate goals. This includes improving energy efficiency, promoting sustainable transport and controlling GHG emissions from agriculture and land use.

This first OECD Environmental Performance Review of Latvia assesses the countrys environmental progress since the mid-2000s and highlights Latvias significant opportunities to advance towards a greener, low-carbon economy. The Review calls for stronger price signals, more eco-innovation and major investment in environment-related infrastructure and services. The analysis places particular emphasis on better managing waste and materials on the path towards a circular economy, as well as on enhancing biodiversity conservation and sustainable use.

Latvia overhauled its waste management systems in the 2000s, and has since progressed with recovery, recycling and diverting waste from landfills. Yet, landfilling continues and waste is not managed consistently with the goals of a circular economy. Waste generation is growing much faster than the economy, despite a declining population. Better use of economic instruments, such as a higher landfill tax and pay-as-you-throw waste fees, would encourage waste prevention, sorting and recycling. Greater efforts are also needed to raise awareness among businesses about the benefits of circular approaches and to expand recycling markets.

Like most OECD countries, Latvia could improve the mainstreaming of biodiversity considerations in sectoral policies. Agriculture and forestry deserve particular attention, as they play key economic and social roles but exert increasing pressures on ecosystems. The protected area network is extensive, but more resources are needed to ensure that protected areas are well managed and contribute to halting biodiversity loss. A majority of habitats and species are in unfavourable conditions. In this respect, Latvia should swiftly develop a national biodiversity strategy and extend the use of economic instruments for biodiversity management.

These are just some of the key messages from the 46 recommendations provided in this Environmental Performance Review. The Review is the result of a constructive policy dialogue between Latvia and the countries participating in the OECD Working Party on Environmental Performance. I am confident that this collaborative effort and the Reviews recommendations will help Latvia consolidate its environmental achievements and implement better environmental policies for better lives.

Angel Gurra Secretary-General Organisation for Economic Co-operation and - photo 3

Angel Gurra

Secretary-General

Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development

Foreword

The principal aim of the OECD Environmental Performance Review programme is to help member and selected partner countries improve their individual and collective performance in environmental management by:

  • helping countries assess progress in achieving their environmental goals

  • promoting continuous policy dialogue and peer learning

  • stimulating greater accountability from governments towards each other and public opinion.

This report reviews the environmental performance of Latvia for the first time since its accession to the OECD in 2016. Progress in achieving domestic objectives and international commitments provides the basis for assessing the countrys environmental performance. Such objectives and commitments may be broad aims, qualitative goals or quantitative targets. A distinction is made between intentions, actions and results. Assessment of environmental performance is also placed within the context of Latvias historical environmental record, present state of the environment, physical endowment in natural resources, economic conditions and demographic trends.

The OECD is indebted to the government of Latvia for its co-operation in providing information, for the organisation of the review mission (15-19 October 2018), and for facilitating contacts both inside and outside government institutions.

Thanks are also due to the representatives of the two examining countries, Rasmus Boldsen (Denmark) and Merit Otsus (Estonia).

The authors of this report are Ivana Capozza, Myriam Linster, Eugene Mazur, Alexa Piccolo and Mikaela Rambali from the OECD Secretariat, under the co-ordination of Ivana Capozza. Nathalie Girouard provided oversight and guidance. Mauro Migotto provided statistical support, Jennifer Humbert provided administrative support and Rebecca Brite copy-edited the report. Natasha Cline-Thomas provided communications support. Preparation of this report also benefited from inputs and comments from several members of the OECD Secretariat, including Morvarid Bagherzadeh, Peter Brkey, Nils Axel Braathen, Nicola Brandt, Juan Casado Asensio, Nathalie Cliquot, Jeremy Faroi, Florens Flues, Andrs Fuentes Hutfilter, Katia Karousakis, Xavier Leflaive and Will Symes, as well as Andrew Prag of the International Energy Agency.

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