You Cannot Surge Trust

You Cannot Surge Trust: Combined NavalOperations of the Royal Australian Navy, Canadian Navy, Royal Navy,and United States Navy, 1991-2003 - Arabian Gulf, OperationsStabilise and Enduring Freedom

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Progressive Management

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CONTENTS

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After the Cold War, maritime forcesshifted much of their focus from engagements at sea to eventsashore. Naval forces were uniquely positioned to influence regionalconflicts and to conduct peace support operations called for by theinternational communityparticularly when they cooperated with oneanother. In this book, naval historians from Australia, Canada, theUnited Kingdom, and the United States explore how their naviescreated an effective multinational, or "combined," framework ofinteroperability while under national rules of engagement. Theauthors address cases including maritime operations during theFirst Gulf War (1990-1991) and later (2001-2003) as part ofOperation Enduring Freedom; off the Federal Republic of Yugoslaviain Operation Sharp Guard (1991-1996); and in East Timor duringOperation Stabilise (1999-2000). This multinational naval force'ssuccess in each crisis depended not just on shared doctrine,training, tactics, and technology, but on the trust its sailorsbuilt in combined operations over time.

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You Cannot Surge Trust

Combined Naval Operations of the RoyalAustralian Navy, Canadian Navy, Royal Navy, and United States Navy,1991-2003

Gary E. Weir, Principal Investigator

Sandra J. Doyle, Editor

DEPARTMENT OF THE NAVY

WASHINGTON, DC 2013

Published by

Naval History and Heritage Command

805 Kidder Breese Street SE

Washington Navy Yard, DC 20374-5060

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Foreword

Henry J. Hendrix II

Preface

An International City at Sea

Gary E. Weir

Contributors

Introduction

The Combined Framework: How Naval Powers Dealwith Military Operations Other Than War

Sarandis Papadopoulos

Chapter 1 - The U.S. Navy's Role in CoalitionMaritime Interception Operations in the Arabian Gulf Region,1991-2001

Jeffrey G. Barlow

Chapter 2 - Royal Navy Operations off theFormer Yugoslavia: Operation Sharp Guard, 1991-1996

Stephen Prince and Kate Brett

Chapter 3 - The U.S. Navy's Contribution toOperation Sharp Guard

Sarandis Papadopoulos

Chapter 4 - The Combined Naval Role in EastTimor

David Stevens

Chapter 5 - A Limited Commitment to EndingCivil Strife: The U.S. Navy in Operation Stabilise

Sarandis Papadopoulos

Chapter 6 - The U.S. Navy's Role inCoalition Maritime Interception in Operation Enduring Freedom,2001-2002

Jeffrey G. Barlow

Chapter 7 - The Canadian Navy,Interoperability, and U.S. Navy-Led Operations in the Gulf Regionfrom the First Gulf War to 2003

Robert H. Caldwell

Summary

Edward J. Marolda

Conclusion

Sarandis Papadopoulos

Acronyms

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FOREWORD

As our nation and our Navy shift their focusaway from the land wars in Iraq and Afghanistan that have sodominated our internal conversations for more than a decade andpivot toward the Asia-Pacific region, it is most appropriate thatthis study, You Cannot Surge Trust, should make its appearance. Theassembled authors, under the assured editorial hand of SandraDoyle, bring forward a series of episodes that demonstrate theevolving and increasingly important nature of maritime coalitionoperations around the world. Beginning with a look at maritimeinterception operations in the Arabian Gulf during OperationsDesert Shield and Desert Storm, this work moves forward through thepost-Cold War era to include recent operations in the Middle Eastand central Asia. Written from a multinational point of view, theanalysis suggests that nations, even superpowers, are increasinglydependent upon each other for support during major combatoperations and that only by frequent consultation, exercises,cooperation in technology development, and understanding of forcestructure capabilities will future maritime coalitions besuccessful.

This study also advances a larger argumentregarding the relevance of naval and maritime history in defensepolicy development. The challenges faced by coalition forces duringthe 1991 to 2005 period are not so different from what confrontedthose who sailed before. The crews of Continental Navy ships duringthe American Revolution had difficulty keeping up with French shipsowing to differences in the size of the respective fleets andindividual ship design. During World Wars I and II the U.S. andRoyal navies consistently had to overcome problems inherent indifferences in classification and communications. Lastly, in theincreasingly geopolitical complexities of modern warfare,illustrated by our experiences operating alongside allies in Koreaand Vietnam, history reveals that the different rules of engagementunder which nations exercise their forces can cause conflictswithin a partnershipeven as the partners prosecute a conflict.Each of these issues has been raised before, each is examinedwithin You Cannot Surge Trust, and each will raise its head againin some future hostility. To the extent that decision makers reviewhistory and anticipate the future they can anticipate success.Ignorance of the past necessarily results in a painful fate ofrediscovering lessons hard learned.