Judith Martin - Intercultural Communication in Contexts

Page i

Page i

Page ii

Page iii

EIGHTH EDITION

Judith N. Martin

Arizona State University

Thomas K. Nakayama

Northeastern University

Page iv

INTERCULTURAL COMMUNICATION IN CONTEXTS, EIGHTH EDITION

Published by McGraw Hill LLC, 1325 Avenue of the Americas, New York, NY 10121. Copyright 2022 by McGraw Hill LLC. All rights reserved. Printed in the United States of America. No part of this publication may be reproduced or distributed in any form or by any means, or stored in a database or retrieval system, without the prior written consent of McGraw Hill LLC, including, but not limited to, in any network or other electronic storage or transmission, or broadcast for distance learning.

Some ancillaries, including electronic and print components, may not be available to customers outside the United States.

This book is printed on acid-free paper.

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 LCR 26 25 24 23 22 21

ISBN 978-1-265-90572-9
MHID 1-265-90572-X

Cover Image: Shutterstock/metamorworks

All credits appearing on page or at the end of the book are considered to be an extension of the copyright page.

The Internet addresses listed in the text were accurate at the time of publication. The inclusion of a website does not indicate an endorsement by the authors or McGraw Hill LLC, and McGraw Hill LLC does not guarantee the accuracy of the information presented at these sites.

mheducation.com/highered

Page v

The two authors of this book come to intercultural communication from very different backgrounds and very different research traditions. Yet we believe that these differences offer a unique approach to thinking about intercultural communication. We briefly introduce ourselves here, but we hope that by the end of the book you will have a much more complete understanding of who we are.

Judith Martin

Judith Martin grew up in Mennonite communities, primarily in Delaware and Pennsylvania. She has studied at the Universit de Grenoble in France and has taught in Algeria. She received her doctorate at the Pennsylvania State University. By background and training, she is a social scientist who has focused on intercultural communication on an interpersonal level and has studied how peoples communication is affected as they move or sojourn between international locations. More recently, she has studied how peoples cultural backgrounds influence their online communication. She has taught at the State University of New York at Oswego, the University of Minnesota, the University of New Mexico, and Arizona State University. She enjoys gardening, hiking in the Arizona desert, traveling, and Netflix.

Tom Nakayama grew up mainly in Georgia, at a time when the Asian American presence was much less than it is now. He has studied at the Universit de Paris and various universities in the United States. He received his doctorate from the University of Iowa. By background and training, he is a critical rhetorician who views intercultural communication in a social context. He has taught at the California State University at San Bernardino and Arizona State University. He has done a Fulbright at the Universit de Mons in Belgium. He is now professor of communication studies at Northeastern University in Boston. He lives in Providence, Rhode Island and loves taking the train to campus. He loves the change of seasons in New England, especially autumn.

Courtesy of Glenn Turner

The authors very different life stories and research programs came together at Arizona State University. We each have learned much about intercultural communication through our own experiences, as well as through our intellectual pursuits. Judith has a well-established record of social science approaches to intercultural communication. Tom, in contrast, has taken a nontraditional approach to understanding intercultural communication by emphasizing critical perspectives. We believe that these differences in our lives and in our research offer complementary ways of understanding intercultural communication.

Page vi

For more than 25 years, we have engaged in many different dialogues about intercultural communicationfocusing on our experiences, thoughts, ideas, and analyseswhich led us to think about writing this textbook. But our interest was not primarily sparked by these dialogues; rather, it was our overall interest in improving intercultural relations that motivated us. We believe that communication is an important arena for improving those relations. By helping people become more aware as intercultural communicators, we hope to make this a better world for all of us.

Page vii

Page viii

Page ix

Page x

Page xi

Page xii

Page xiii

Page xiv

Page xv

Page xvi

Page xvii

Page xviii

Page xix

On December 31, 2019, a new strain of coronavirus was identified in Wuhan, China. This virus, commonly known as the Coronavirus or COVID-19, was initially contained in China, largely due to Chinas enormous quarantine of the Wuhan area. Quickly, however, the epidemic spread to other Asian countries, especially South Korea, and then to Europe and the rest of the world. It became a global pandemic.

On the one hand, the spread of the virus and its impact on the global economy underscored how interconnected the world has become. People and goods travel around the globe and the spread of the virus demonstrated how significant these global connections are. This movement of goods and people was quickly slowed down or shut down entirely. Many people scrambled to get home, and the flow of goods began to have a tremendous impact on China, the worlds second largest economy and a major producer, as well as the United States, the world largest economy and a major consumer.

On the other hand, the response to the spreading epidemic has been to revert to older notions of borders, as many nations put restrictions on crossing their borders, some completely closing their borders, e.g., for Spain only Spanish citizens, residents and special cases will be allowed in the country (Coronavirus, 2020). On top of this kind of border control, the European Union agreed to close off a region encompassing at least 26 countries and more than 400 million people (Stevins-Gridneff, 2020). The United Kingdom, no longer part of the European Union, did not agree to participate.

At the time of this writing, we do not know how this pandemic will play out. We do know that so far, millions have contracted the disease, hundreds of thousands have died, and many more are suffering economic devastation; life all over the globe has changed immeasurably.