Seth A. Johnston - How NATO Adapts: Strategy and Organization in the Atlantic Alliance since 1950

How NATO Adapts

THE JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY STUDIES IN HISTORICAL AND POLITICAL SCIENCE
132nd series (2017)
1. How NATO Adapts: Strategy and Organization in the Atlantic Alliance since 1950
Seth A. Johnston

Strategy and Organization in the Atlantic Alliance since 1950

SETH A. JOHNSTON
US Military Academy, West Point

2017 Seth A. Johnston

All rights reserved. Published 2017

Printed in the United States of America on acid-free paper

246897531

The views expressed are those of the author and do not necessarily reflect those of the US Military Academy, US Army, or any other agency.

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Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data

Names: Johnston, Seth A. (Seth Allen), 1981 author.

Title: How NATO adapts : strategy and organization in the Atlantic Alliance since 1950 / Seth A. Johnston.

Description: Baltimore : Johns Hopkins University Press, 2017. | Includes bibliographical references and index.

Identifiers: LCCN 2016022028| ISBN 9781421421988 (pbk. : alk. paper) | ISBN 9781421421995 (electronic) | ISBN 1421421984 (pbk. : alk. paper) | ISBN 1421421992 (electronic)

Subjects: LCSH: North Atlantic Treaty OrganizationHistory.

Classification: LCC UA646.3 .J5688 2017 | DDC 355/.031091821dc23

LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2016022028

A catalog record for this book is available from the British Library.

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To the soldiers of Task Force Zabul, International Security Assistance Force IX. Their adaptability and determination in Afghanistan embodied the most admirable and enduring qualities of the Alliance.

NATO is a remarkably adaptable institution. Insofar as this studys many revisions are comparable, I gratefully acknowledge those who contributed to its better points and lessened the shortcomings for which I remain responsible.

This project began at Oxford, where Professor Sir Hew Strachan supervised its development with wisdom and generosity. Professor Richard Caplans support ranks indispensable since my first years as a graduate student. Professors Duncan Snidal, Jennifer Welsh, Anand Menon, Sibylle Scheipers, Rob Johnson, Patricia Owens, Hartmut Mayer, Valerie Worth, Stephen Fisher, Michael Beloff, and Sir Ivor Roberts exceeded every expectation of endowment and civility for which this institution is rightly known.

I am equally indebted to my colleagues at West Point and the Department of Social Sciences in particular. Brigadier General Cindy Jebb, Colonel Suzanne Nielsen, Colonel Tania Chacho, and Dr. Scott Silverstone were my professors as an undergraduate and perhaps even more instructive as leaders of junior faculty. Work on this book paralleled the development of new courses on international organization and European politics for cadets, whose energy and determined service testifies to their character every day. Fellow faculty members Nelly Lahoud, Hugh Liebert, Jordan Becker, Rachel Sondheimer, Thomas Sherlock, Ruth Beitler, Aaron Miller, Brandon Archuleta, Susan Carter, Lissa Young, Matt Cavanaugh, Brian Retherford, Brian Forester, Brian Babcock-Lumish, Keith Benedict, Ben Mitchell, Rob Person, Robert Chamberlain, Joe Da Silva, Raven Bukowski, Mike Rosol, Scott Handler, Charlie Faint, and Bonnie Kovatch, among others, inspired by their editorial hand and professional example.

Research about NATO would not have been possible without official assistance from several quarters, including the NATO Archives, International Staff, Public Diplomacy Division, and Supreme Headquarters Allied Powers Europe. I am especially obliged to Brigadier General John Adams and the US Delegation to the Military Committee for treating me as one of their own, and to Colonel Jonathan Freeman, Brigadier General Peter Zwack, Lieutenant General David Hogg, and Lieutenant General Robert Caslen for the professional latitude and support to see the Alliance in action.

The Marshall Aid Commemoration Commission of the British government, Atlantic Council of the United States, Harry S. Truman Scholarship Foundation, Saltzman Institute of War and Peace Studies at Columbia University, Merrill Center for Strategic Studies at the Johns Hopkins School of Advanced International Studies, Rupert H. Johnson Grand Strategy Program at West Point, US Air Force Institute for National Security Studies, American Council on Germany, Council on Foreign Relations Academic Outreach Initiative, Wertheim Study at the New York Public Library, and Trinity College, Oxford, generously supported work leading to this endeavor.

The fellowship of scholars and practitioners who offered feedback on drafts of these pages further include David Blagden, Joe Cerami, Sewell Chan, Samuel Charap, Eliza Gheorghe, Benot Gomis, Cristina Gonzalez, Ron Granieri, Julian Gruin, Michael Jago, Sarwar Kashmiri, John Keeling, Sam Kleiner, Jeff Larsen, Travers McLeod, Kate Millar, Tristen Naylor, Claire Palmer, Suwita Hani Randhawa, Ruben Reike, Emile Simpson, Michael Urban, Vincius Rodrigues Vieira, Jiajun Xu, and Makio Yamada. I owe a particular debt to Stan Sloan, whose helpfulness as a reviewer of this manuscript and guest lecturer in the West Point course on European politics are matched only by his class as a gentleman.

Elizabeth Sherburn Demers, Juliana McCarthy, Andre Barnett, Nicole Wayland, and the entire team from Johns Hopkins University Press could not have been more obliging, efficient, or thorough in bringing this work to print.

To have a professional editor, publisher, or librarian in the family is an advantage in a project like this, but to have all three in my mother, Darcie Conner Johnston, was monumentally fortunate. Geo. Allen Johnston, my father, has always matched respect for the past with optimism for the future; his inspiration is written on every page. Thanks to all of my family and friends for their support, encouragement, and understanding of long hours and absences.