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Catherine M. Cameron - Captives: How Stolen People Changed the World

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Catherine M. Cameron Captives: How Stolen People Changed the World
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In Captives: How Stolen People Changed the World archaeologist Catherine M. Cameron provides an eye-opening comparative study of the profound impact that captives of warfare and raiding have had on small- scale societies through time. Cameron provides a new point of orientation for archaeologists, anthropologists, historians, and other scholars by illuminating the impact that captive-taking and enslavement have had on cultural change, with important implications for understanding the past. Focusing primarily on indigenous societies in the Americas while extending the comparative reach to include Europe, Africa, and Island Southeast Asia, Cameron draws on ethnographic, ethnohistoric, historic, and archaeological data to examine the roles that captives played in small-scale societies. In such societies, captives represented an almost universal social category consisting predominantly of women and children and constituting 10 to 50 percent of the population in a given society. Cameron demonstrates how captives brought with them new technologies, design styles, foodways, religious practices, and more, all of which changed the captor culture. This book provides a framework that will enable archaeologists to understand the scale and nature of cultural transmission by captives and it will also interest anthropologists, historians, and other scholars who study captive-taking and slavery. Camerons exploration of the peculiar amnesia that surrounds memories of captive-taking and enslavement around the world also establishes a connection with unmistakable contemporary relevance.

Catherine M. Cameron: author's other books


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In this ambitious and learned work award-winning archaeologist Catherine - photo 1

In this ambitious and learned work, award-winning archaeologist Catherine Cameron explores how violence against the few may transform the cultures of the many.

James Brooks, author of Captives and Cousins: Slavery, Kinship, and Community in the Southwest Borderlands

This moving book helps us understand: What was it like to be a slave? A slave-owner? How does slavery affect society? It demonstrates that archaeologythe social science of the pastcan ask big questions about the human experience.

Michelle Hegmon, professor in the School of Human Evolution and Social Change at Arizona State University and editor of The Archaeology of the Human Experience

Captives challenges archaeologists to broaden their scope of inquiry to recognize the temporal depth, geographical breadth, and nearly universal presence of captives in small-scale societies of the past. Catherine Camerons comparative approach to captives lays the groundwork, methodologically and theoretically, for understanding the lives of captives, their social locations, and their significance as agents of change in societies of all scales throughout human prehistory and, indeed, into the present.

Brenda J. Bowser, associate professor of anthropology at California State UniversityFullerton, coeditor of Cultural Transmission and Material Culture: Breaking Down Boundaries

Captives

Published with a grant from

Figure Foundation

Free as the first and the last

Borderlands and Transcultural Studies

Series Editors:

Pekka Hmlinen

Paul Spickard

Captives
How Stolen People Changed the World

University of Nebraska Press | Lincoln & London

2016 by the Board of Regents of the University of Nebraska

Cover designed by University of Nebraska Press; cover image is from the interior.

All rights reserved

Library of Congress Control Number: 2016950184

The publisher does not have any control over and does not assume any responsibility for author or third-party websites or their content.

To Tien Fuh Wu (18861973)

and other women who have survived slavery

Contents

I trace the origins of this book to an email from Jim Skibo in spring 2005 inviting me to organize a Foundations of Archaeological Inquiry conference for the University of Utah Press (Jim was editor for the series). Encouragement from Jim and Jeff Grathwohl, then editor of the University of Utah Press, allowed me to develop an idea into a long-term study. The participants in the Utah conference and resulting book helped enormously in shaping my ideas about captives and I thank them all: Susan Alt, Ken Ames, Brenda Bowser, James Brooks, Warren DeBoer (who also pointed me toward some of the illustrations for the book), Judith Habicht-Mauche, Laura Junker, Noel Lenski, Debra Martin, Peter Peregrine, Peter Robertshaw, and Ann Stahl. My many conversations with Brenda Bowser were especially helpful. I wrote the first chapter for this book as a fellow with the University of Colorados Center for the Humanities and Arts (200910). The fellowship involved meeting biweekly with a group of scholars from across campus who were studying migration (that years topic) from a myriad of perspectives: historical, political, literary, and anthropological. Reading and talking about our work was tremendously stimulating and I thank: Pompa Banerjee, Ozge Celik, Cline Dauverd, Nan Goodman, Kira Hall, John Leffel, Anne Lester, Deepti Misri, and Marni Thomson.

I wrote much of the rest of the book as a residential scholar at the School for Advanced Research ( SAR ) in Santa Fe, during 201011. The year at SAR was a transformative experience for me. I worked with a close community of scholars who came from a variety of disciplines. We met often to enjoy food and explore each others research. My thanks to Jamila Bargach, Gloria Bell, Lucas Bessire, the late Linda Cordell, Sarah Croucher, Doug Kiel, Teresa Montoya, and Melissa Nelson, whose careful critiques made a significant impact on the book. James Brooks, then president of SAR and a founding scholar of captive studies, was (and continues to be) enormously generous with his time and advice and I am most grateful. John Kantner, then vice president at SAR , was also a great resource during that year.

My archaeological colleagues at the University of Colorado read and commented on several chapters of the book during our monthly archaeology lunch meetings. I thank Doug Bamforth, Gerardo Gutierrez, John Hoffecker, Art Joyce, Steve Lekson, Scott Ortman, and Payson Sheets. Payson also provided me with a wealth of articles on slaves and slavery from his wide reading. Very special thanks to Beth Dusinberre of the University of Colorado Department of Classics, who generously provided comments on a draft of the entire manuscript. At the University of Nebraska Press, Matt Bokovoy and Pekka Hmlinen offered many helpful comments for developing the manuscript.

Also in Colorados Department of Classics, Noel Lenskis work with slavery in the ancient world has been an inspiration. In fall 2013 Noel and I co-organized a conference with the theme What Is a Slave Society and then we jointly taught a class on global slavery. Both the conference and class took my knowledge of the slave experience worldwide to new levels. I thank Noel, the conference participants, and students in the class.

Many people have discussed captives with me, suggested references, passed on news clippings, and recommended new avenues for research. Although I wont attempt to name them all, they have my thanks, especially for listening and being interested. Mary Brooks, Joy Margheim, and Lindsay Johansson did a wonderful job editing the manuscript, which greatly improved it.

Finally, my interest in captives was stimulated in part by my childhood aunt, Tien Fuh Wu, whose father sold her into domestic slavery when she was just five years old. This book is dedicated to Tien, to all of the girls and women through time who endured slavery, and to those who not only survived but contributed significantly to the cultures they joined and the world in which we now live.

The Captive in Space, Time, and Mind

An arrow fell behind us. The enemy had followed us and had waited until we entered the shapuno [a large, thatched enclosure]. Other arrows began to fall: tah, tai, tai.... Meanwhile the tushaua [leader] of the Shamatari [the enemy] had already entered.... Not even one man of those in the shapuno was standing up. The old Hekurawe was there, dead, with arrows in his body; the Aramamiseteri, too, was lying dead not far away.... Meanwhile the men began to bring the women prisoners together. They held them firmly by the arms. They were many and they were young.... Then they [the Shamatari] raised their shout: Au, au, au, with a cavernous voice and we began the journey. We marched and marched.

Helena Valeros account of her second capture by Yanomam, quoted in Ettore Biocca, Yanoma: The Story of Helena Valero, a Girl Kidnapped by Amazonian Indians (1965).

Tuesday 22 April 2014, Nigeria. Terror grips northern Nigeria after Boko Haram kidnappings: Last weeks kidnapping of 230 schoolgirls in northern Nigeria, which is being blamed on the Islamist group Boko Haram, has plunged the region into chaos. Will the victims ever be seen again? Chibok boarding school in the remote state of Borno was attacked last week by the militant Islamic group, who burnt out the school before abducting its students.... The official number of missing girls has risen to an estimated 234.

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