Copyright 2010 Matthew Carmona, Steve Tiesdell, Tim Heath & Taner Oc. All rights reserved.
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First edition 2003
Second edition 2010
Copyright 2010, Matthew Carmona, Steve Tiesdell, Tim Heath & Taner Oc. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved
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Preface
An exposition of the different, but intimately related, dimensions of urban design, this book is an updated and revised version of a book originally published in 2003. Focusing neither on a limited checklist of urban design qualities nor, it is hoped, excluding important areas, it takes a holistic approach to urban design and place-making and thus provides a comprehensive overview of the subject both for those new to the subject and for those requiring a general guide. To facilitate this, it has an easily accessible structure, with self-contained and cross-referenced sections and chapters, enabling readers to dip in for specific information. The incremental layering of concepts aids those reading the book cover to cover.
Urban design is also seen as a design process, in which, as in any design process, there are no right or wrong answers, only better and worse answers, the quality of which may only be known in time. It is, thus, necessary to have a continually questioning and inquisitive approach to urban design rather than a dogmatic view. The book does not seek to produce a new theory of urban design in a prescriptive fashion. Instead it expounds a broad belief in and attitude to urban design and place-making as important parts of urban development, renewal, management, planning and conservation processes.
Synthesising and integrating ideas and theories from a wide range of sources, the book derives from a comprehensive review and reading of existing literature and research. It also draws on the authors' experience teaching, researching and writing about urban design in schools of urban studies, planning, architecture and surveying.
Motivation
This book comes from two distinct sources. First, from a period during the 1990s when the authors worked together at the University of Nottingham on an innovative undergraduate urban planning programme. Its primary motivation was a belief that teaching urban design at the core of an interdisciplinary, creative, problem-solving discipline, planning (and other) professionals would have a more valuable learning experience and a better foundation for their future careers. Although in many schools of planning, urban design is still figuratively put into a box and taught by the school's single urban design specialist, our contention was that an urban design awareness and sensibility should inform all parts of the curriculum. The same is true of schools of architecture, property, real estate and landscape.
Second, a need to prepare undergraduate lecture modules presenting ideas, principles and concepts of urban design to support the programme's design studio teaching. Although many excellent urban design books existed, it soon became apparent that none drew from the full range of urban design thought. The writing of these modules generated the idea for the book and provided its overall structure.
The Books Structure
The book is in three main parts. It begins with a broad exposition of what is meant by urban design. In Chapter 1, the challenge for urban design and for the urban designer is made explicit.
The chapter deliberately adopts a broad understanding of urban design, which sees urban design as more than simply the physical or visual appearance of development and as integrative (i.e. joined-up) and integrating activity. While urban design's scope may be broad and its boundaries often fuzzy, the heart of its concern is about making places for people this idea forms the kernel of this book.
More precisely, it is about making better places than would otherwise be produced. This is unashamedly and unapologetically a normative contention about what we believe urban design should be about rather than necessarily what at any point in time it is about. We therefore regard urban design as an ethical activity first, in an axiological sense (because it is intimately concerned with issues of values) and, second, because it is, or should be, concerned with particular values such as social justice, equity and environmental sustainability.
Chapter 2 outlines and discusses issues of change in the contemporary urban context. Chapter 3 presents a number of overarching contexts that provide the background for urban design action the local, global, market and regulatory. These contexts underpin and inform the discussions of the individual dimensions of urban design principles and practice in Part II.
Part II consists of Chapters 49, each of which reviews a substantive dimension of urban design morphological, perceptual, social, visual, functional and temporal. As urban design is a joined-up activity, this separation is for the purpose of clarity in exposition and analysis only. These six overlapping dimensions of urban design are the everyday substance of urban design, while the cross-cutting contexts outlined in Chapter 3 relate to and inform all the dimensions. The six dimensions and four contexts are linked and related by the conception of design as a process of problem solving. The chapters are not intended to delimit boundaries around particular areas of urban design and, instead, highlight the breadth of the subject area, with the connections between the different broad areas being made explicit. Urban design is only holistic if all areas of action morphological, perceptual, social, visual, functional and time are considered together.