ROUTLEDGE LIBRARY EDITIONS: RACISM AND FASCISM
Volume 10
JOHN BULLS ISLAND
JOHN BULLS ISLAND
Immigration and British Society, 18711971
COLIN HOLMES
First published in 1988 by The Macmillan Press Ltd
This edition first published in 2016
by Routledge
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and by Routledge
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Routledge is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group, an informa business
1988 Colin Holmes
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British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data
A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library
ISBN: 978-1-138-93422-1 (Set)
ISBN: 978-1-315-66966-3 (Set) (ebk)
ISBN: 978-1-138-93849-6 (Volume 10) (hbk)
ISBN: 978-1-315-67562-6 (Volume 10) (ebk)
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The publisher has gone to great lengths to ensure the quality of this reprint but points out that some imperfections in the original copies may be apparent.
Disclaimer
The publisher has made every effort to trace copyright holders and would welcome correspondence from those they have been unable to trace.
JOHN BULLS ISLAND
Immigration and British Society, 18711971
Colin Holmes
Colin Holmes 1988
All rights reserved. No reproduction, copy or transmission of this publication may be made without written permission.
No paragraph of this publication may be reproduced, copied or transmitted save with written permission or in accordance with the provisions of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988, or under the terms of any licence permitting limited copying issued by the Copyright Licensing Agency, 90 Tottenham Court Road, London W1P9HE.
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First published 1988 by
THE MACMILLAN PRESS LTD
Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire RG21 2XS
and London
Companies and representatives throughout the world
ISBN 0-333-28209-4 hardcover
ISBN 0-333-28210-8 paperback
A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library.
Printed in Hong Kong
Reprinted 1992
The Publishers wish to acknowledge the following illustration sources:
The Manchester Jewish Museum, the Bradford Heritage Recording Unit, the Sheffield Local History Library, the National Museum of Wales and the BBC Hulton Picture Library.
Contents
Preamble
Early immigrants and refugees
Immigration after 1871
Reverse movement: emigration from Britain
Preamble
Immigration of the Irish; Immigrants from Germany; Immigrants and refugees from the tsars empire; Immigration from Italy; Minorities from beyond Europe; Small, neglected groups
The economic and social history of the Irish; Clerks, capitalists, and others from Germany: work and culture; Salient features of the economic and social history of groups from the Russian Empire; The Italian community; From beyond the oceans: Chinese, Black and Indian groups
Introductory comment on responses; The morals habits and future prospects of our country: responses to the Irish 18711914; British society and the Germans; Responses to immigration from the Russian Empire; British society, Italy and Italians; Responses to minorities from beyond Europe, particularly the Chinese
Concluding comment
The trauma of the Great War
The arrival of the Belgian refugees; Russian and Armenian refugees; An enormous increase in Britains Black population
Belgians in wartime Britain; The obscure economic and social history of Blacks and Indians, 191418
Alien enemies: hostility towards Germans and others; British public opinion and the gallant Belgians; The friendly aliens from the tsars empire: wartime tensions; Englands difficulty and the Irish; Black and White: collective violence in Britain; The Chinese: continuing problems; The aftermath of war: the 1919 Aliens Act
The saddest and most exciting years
Refugees: in successive waves they came; Refugees from Hitlerite Europe; The Irish; from the green land to Britain; The immigration of Imperial minorities
A glance backwards: the experiences of earlier Jewish newcomers; The refugees from Nazism: economic and social history; The Irish community in the interwar years; Blacks and Indians: workers and entertainers, students and politicians
Anti-alien sentiment after the Great War; Responses to the refugees from Nazism; No Irish: a people alien in race, temperament and religion; The colour problem in Britain; Summary
The trauma of war
More refugees from Hitlerite Europe; Entry from a neutral Eire; Technicians, trainees and foresters from the Empire; Military personnel from the colonies and India; Wartime allies: Polish and other groups in Britain
Economic and social history of the Jewish minority: internment; Contribution of aliens to the war effort; In a strange land: The Irish in wartime Britain; The economic and social history ofthe coloured population
Introductory comment; Jews and other aliens: internment as official policy; The fate of the Italians: a neglected group; The Southern Irish: wartime controls and continuing suspicion; Personally, I do not like this mixture of colour: British society and the Black minority; The war in retrospect
The postwar world
Early immigration: the Baghdadi Jews; The settlement of the Poles; From the DP Camps to Britain: the arrival of the EVWs; The Postwar Immigration from Italy; The upsurge in Irish immigration; The Chinese population also increases; Africans: stowaways and students; From the Caribbean to Britain: West Indians begin to arrive; From the Indian sub-continent: Indians and Pakistanis come to Britain; Refugee arrivals from Africa: The Kenyan Asians; An attempt at quantification; Areas of settlement; Other miscellaneous groups
Introductory comment; Employment patterns; Immigrants refugees and the housing market; Political and religious life; Concluding comment
British public opinion and the Jewish minority; The Reception of the Poles, Italians and EVWs; The toleration of the Irish?; British society and the Chinese: the most unassimilable group; Responses to groups from the Caribbean and the Indian sub-continent
Summary and perspective
Immigration into Britain
Perspectives n the economic and social history of immigrants and refugees between 1871 and 1971
Toleration and Hostility. Simple or complex?