Bill T. Arnold - Encountering the Old Testament: A Christian Survey

Encountering Biblical Studies

Walter A. Elwell, General Editor and New Testament Editor

Eugene H. Merrill, Old Testament Editor

Encountering the Old Testament: A Christian Survey , Third Edition

Bill T. Arnold and Bryan E. Beyer

Readings from the Ancient Near East: Primary Sources for Old Testament Study

Bill T. Arnold and Bryan E. Beyer, editors

Encountering the New Testament: A Historical and Theological Survey , Third Edition

Walter A. Elwell and Robert W. Yarbrough

Readings from the First-Century World: Primary Sources for New Testament Study

Walter A. Elwell and Robert W. Yarbrough, editors

Encountering the Book of Genesis: A Study of Its Content and Issues

Bill T. Arnold

Encountering the Book of Psalms: A Literary and Theological Introduction

C. Hassell Bullock

Encountering the Book of Isaiah: A Historical and Theological Survey

Bryan E. Beyer

Encountering John: The Gospel in Historical, Literary, and Theological Perspective , Second Edition

Andreas J. Kstenberger

Encountering the Book of Romans: A Theological Survey , Second Edition

Douglas J. Moo

Encountering the Book of Hebrews: An Exposition

Donald A. Hagner

1999, 2008, 2015 by Bill T. Arnold and Bryan E. Beyer

Published by Baker Academic

a division of Baker Publishing Group

P.O. Box 6287, Grand Rapids, MI 49516-6287

www . bakeracademic . com

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All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any meansfor example, electronic, photocopy, recordingwithout the prior written permission of the publisher. The only exception is brief quotations in printed reviews.

Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data is on file at the Library of Congress, Washington, DC.

ISBN 978-1-4934-0191-8

Unless otherwise indicated, Scripture quotations are from the Holy Bible, New International Version. NIV. Copyright 1973, 1978, 1984, 2011 by Biblica, Inc. Used by permission of Zondervan. All rights reserved worldwide. www.zondervan.com

Scripture quotations labeled ESV are from The Holy Bible, English Standard Version (ESV), copyright 2001 by Crossway, a publishing ministry of Good News Publishers. Used by permission. All rights reserved. ESV Text Edition: 2007

Scripture quotations labeled NASB are from the New American Standard Bible, copyright 1960, 1962, 1963, 1968, 1971, 1972, 1973, 1975, 1977, 1995 by The Lockman Foundation. Used by permission.

Scripture quotations labeled NRSV are from the New Revised Standard Version of the Bible, copyright 1989, by the Division of Christian Education of the National Council of the Churches of Christ in the United States of America. Used by permission. All rights reserved.

Unless otherwise indicated, photos are copyright Baker Publishing Group and Dr. James C. Martin.

Unless otherwise indicated, illustrations and maps are copyright Baker Publishing Group.

The following institutions have granted permission to photograph their holdings: The Aegyptisches Museum, Berlin; The British Museum, London, England; The Eretz Israel Museum, Tel Aviv, Israel; Israel Museum, Collection of the Israel Museum, Jerusalem, and courtesy of the Israel Antiquities Authority, exhibited at the Israel Museum, Jerusalem; Muse du Louvre, Autorisation de photographer et de filmer, Louvre, Paris, France; The Oriental Institute Museum, University of Chicago; The Pergamon Museum, Berlin; Shrine of the Book, Collection of the Israel Museum, Jerusalem, and courtesy of the Israel Antiquities Authority, exhibited at the Shrine of the Book, the Israel Museum, Jerusalem; The Skirball Museum, Hebrew Union CollegeJewish Institute of Religion, 13 King David Street, Jerusalem 94101; The Turkish Ministry of Antiquities, the Istanbul Archaeology Museum; The Vatican Museum.