Gilmore - Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region

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a . Pulsatilla patens (Pasque flower), b . Typha latifolia

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a . Sagittaria latifolia. b . A sluggish stream growing full of arrowleaf (Sagittaria latifolia)

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a . A mass of Stipa spartea bent under the wind. In the background can be seen a number of plants of Echinacea angustifolia in bloom. b . Bunch of Stipa spartea; bunch of long-awned seeds of Stipa spartea; a hairbrush made from awns of Stipa spartea .

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a . Zizania aquatica (wild rice). Herbarium specimen of straw, a few grains not hulled, and a handful of hulled grains as prepared for food. b . Zizania aquatica, habit

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a . Arisaema triphyllum. b . Habit picture of Arisaema triphyllum. Panax trifolium may also be seen

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a . Tradescantia virginica (spiderwort). b . A circle of cottonwood-leaf toy tipis as made by Indian children of Plains tribes

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a . Erythronium mesochoreum, entire plant, bulbs, and flowers, b . Erythronium mesochoreum, habit of growth on the prairie

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a . Yucca glauca in bloom, b . Yucca glauca in fruit

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a . A bundle of yucca leaves bound up to demonstrate use as drill in fire making, b . A piece of yucca stem prepared to demonstrate use as hearth piece in fire making, c . A dry yucca plant .

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Iris versicolor

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a . Tubers and fruit of Nelumbo lutea. b . Nelumbo lutea, habit

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a . Thalictrum dioicum (early meadow rue), b . Aquilegia canadensis

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a . Sanguinaria canadensis, detail, b . Sanguinaria canadensis, habit

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a . Wild strawberry native to wild meadows of Nebraska. b . Woman of the Teton Dakota pounding chokecherries (Padus melanocarpa) to dry for winter supply

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a . Foliage and fruit of Prunus besseyi (sand cherry). b . Branch of Prunus besseyi showing prolificness of this fruit

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Herbarium specimen of Psoralea esculenta (tipsin)

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A string of roots of Psoralea esculenta (tipsin) peeled and dried to preserve for winter supply

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a . Vine of Glycine apios (Apios tuberosa). b . Tubers of glycine apios (Apios tuberosa)

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a . Specimen of Falcata comosa showing leafy branches with pods and small beans produced thereon from the petaliferous flowers, b . Leafless branches which grow prostrate on ground surface and four large beans produced underground from the cleistogamous flowers of these leafless branches

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a . Clusters of fruits of Rhus glabra, b . Cordage made from inner bark of Tilia americana (basswood); a bundle of raw fiber and a piece of cord made by hand from the fiber

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a . A cactus native to Nebraska, b . Gathering buffalo berries (Lepargyraea argentea)

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Heracleum lanatum

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Cornus amomum in bloom

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a . Asclepias syriaca, flowers, b . Habit of Asclepias syriaca

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Asclepias syriaca, fruits

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Ipomoea leptophylla (bush morning-glory). An entire plant, showing the large root, about 4 feet long

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a . Ipomoea leptophylla (bush morning-glory), a perennial flowering plant native in the sand hills of Nebraska, showing habit, b . Ipomoea leptophylla (bush morning-glory)

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a . Pepo foetidissima (wild gourd) in bloom, b . Strikes Two, an aged man of the Arikara tribe, gathering his tobacco

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Varieties of squashes and pumpkins cultivated by tribes of Indians of Nebraska from immemorial times

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a . Staminate and pistillate flowers of watermelons grown from seed obtained from Penishka, an old man of the Ponca tribe, b . Unit of vine of above

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Watermelon grown from seed obtained from Penishka, an old man of the Ponca tribe

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a . Echinacea angustifolia interspersed with Stipa spartea. b . Tops and tubers of Helianthus tuberosus

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Lacinaria scariosus