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Wilkinson - Writings from Ancient Egypt

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Wilkinson Writings from Ancient Egypt
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    Writings from Ancient Egypt
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Man perishes; his corpse turns to dust; all his relatives pass away. But writings make him remembered. The fascination Ancient Egypt holds in our minds has many sources, but at the heart of it lie hieroglyphics. This extraordinary writing system was for many years seen as the ultimate challenge and puzzle before finally being cracked in the 1820s. Preserved carved in stone or inked on papyri, hieroglyphic writings give a unique insight into an awe-inspiring but also deeply mysterious culture. Toby Wilkinson has translated a rich selection of pieces, ranging from accounts of battles to hymns to stories to royal proclamations. This book is both very enjoyable and an essential resource for anyone wanting to study one of humankinds great civilizations.

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Translated and with an Introduction by Toby Wilkinson WRITINGS FROM ANCIENT - photo 1
Translated and with an Introduction by
Toby Wilkinson

WRITINGS FROM ANCIENT EGYPT
Writings from Ancient Egypt - image 2
PENGUIN Writings from Ancient Egypt - image 3 CLASSICS
WRITINGS FROM ANCIENT EGYPT

TOBY WILKINSON has been a Fellow of Clare College, Cambridge since 2003. He is the author of State Formation in Egypt (1996), Early Dynastic Egypt (1999), Royal Annals of Ancient Egypt (2000), Genesis of the Pharaohs (2003), The Thames & Hudson Dictionary of Ancient Egypt (2nd edition, 2008), Lives of the Ancient Egyptians (2007), The Egyptian World (ed. 2007), The Rise and Fall of Ancient Egypt (2010), which won the Hessell-Tiltman Prize, and The Nile (2014).

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Map of Ancient Egypt
Note on the Translations Round brackets indicate words inserted by the - photo 4
Note on the Translations

Round brackets ( ) indicate words inserted by the translator to facilitate understanding or flow.

Square brackets [ ] indicate gaps due to damage to the original manuscript or monument; the text inside the brackets is a restoration on the basis of remaining traces or context, often drawing on parallel passages in the same or other texts.

Angled brackets < > indicate an erroneous omission by the ancient scribe; the text inside the brackets is a restoration by the translator.

An ellipsis indicates a missing portion of the text where restoration is impossible, or a passage which defies translation (often owing to scribal error or misinterpretation).

Internal headings and italic interpolations in the translations are included to subdivide or explain sections of the text for the benefit of the reader.

Timeline
PERIOD/DATES (BC)/DYNASTY/KINGTEXTDEVELOPMENTS IN EGYPT
Early Dynastic Period, 29502575
First Dynasty, 29502750
Second Dynasty, 27502650
Third Dynasty, 26502575Step Pyramid at Saqqara
Old Kingdom, 25752125
Fourth Dynasty, 25752450Great Pyramid at Giza
Fifth Dynasty, 24502325
Nine kings, ending with Unas, 23502325Pyramid Texts
Sixth Dynasty, 23252175
Five kings, ending with Pepi II, 22602175Harkhufs expeditions
Eighth Dynasty, 21752125
First Intermediate Period, 21252010Civil war
Ninth/Tenth Dynasty, 21251975
Eleventh Dynasty (1st part), 20802010
Three kings, including Intef II, 20702020
Middle Kingdom, 20101630
Eleventh Dynasty (2nd part), 20101938
Three kings, ending with Mentuhotep IV, 19481938
Twelfth Dynasty, 19381755Golden age of literature
Eight kings, including
Amenemhat I, 19381908
Senusret I, 19181875
Senusret III, 18361818
Thirteenth Dynasty, 17551630
Second Intermediate Period, 16301539Civil war
Fourteenth Dynasty, c.1630
Fifteenth Dynasty, 16301520Hyksos invasion
Sixteenth Dynasty, 16301565
Seventeenth Dynasty, 15701539
Several kings, ending with Kamose, 15411539
New Kingdom, 15391069
Eighteenth Dynasty, 15391292
Fifteen kings, including
Ahmose, 15391514Reunification
Thutmose I, 14931481
Thutmose III, 14791425Battle of Megiddo
Hatshepsut, 14731458
Amenhotep III, 13901353
Akhenaten, 13531336Amarna revolution
Tutankhamun, 13321322
Horemheb, 13191292
Ramesside Period, 12921069
Nineteenth Dynasty, 12921190
Twentieth Dynasty, 11901069
Ten kings, including
Ramesses V, 11501145
Ramesses XI, 10991069
Third Intermediate Period, 1069664
Twenty-first Dynasty, 1069945Political division
Twenty-second Dynasty, 945715
Twenty-third Dynasty, 838720
Twenty-fourth Dynasty, 740715
Twenty-fifth Dynasty, 728657
Five kings, starting with Piankhi, 747716Kushite conquest
Late Period, 664332
Twenty-sixth Dynasty, 664525
Six kings, starting with Psamtek I, 664610
Twenty-seventh Dynasty (First Persian Period), 525404Persian conquest
Five kings, including Darius I, 522486
Twenty-eighth Dynasty, 404399
Twenty-ninth Dynasty, 399380
Thirtieth Dynasty, 380343
Thirty-first Dynasty (Second Persian Period), 343332
Macedonian Dynasty, 332309
Alexander the Great, 332323
Ptolemaic Period, 30930Death of Cleopatra
Introduction
The written tradition

Ancient Egypt is a civilization famous for its monuments. The Great Pyramid and Sphinx at Giza, the tombs in the Valley of the Kings, the rock-cut temples of Abu Simbel: these define pharaonic culture in our imagination, conjuring up a world of god-kings, esoteric religion and vaulting ambition. They are rounded out by an image of ancient Egypt derived from museum visits: a civilization of mummies and gold masks, sarcophagi and statues, with only the occasional object of daily life to remind us that the ancient Egyptians were real people. Architecture and art are the dominant themes, suggesting that ancient Egypt was a culture where the concrete took precedence over the abstract, the practical over the theoretical.

While these impressions are, to an extent, accurate, there is a huge missing dimension in such a view of ancient Egypt: the life of the mind, as expressed in the written word. Of course, writing is everywhere in pharaonic culture. Just about every tomb and temple wall, every coffin or statue, is inscribed with hieroglyphs. (This is the reason why, until comparatively recently, the discipline of Egyptology was dominated by philologists, often with a training in the Classics: nobody, it was argued, could understand or appreciate the civilization of ancient Egypt without being able to read its numerous inscriptions.) Papyri, too, are a quintessential product of the ancient Nile Valley although museums often display them as artefacts rather than texts. Despite the preponderance of writing in ancient Egypt, we are often tempted to look upon it as mere decoration, rather than engaging with it as meaningful words.

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