Table of Contents
This book is dedicated to the many thousands of scientists worldwide whose vital individual research findings have effectively formed the groundwork from which this book has arisen.
Thank you for reporting the truth as you witnessed it, even if it turned out to be different from the truth that you may have been looking for.
Acknowledgments
No one works in isolation, and this book would never have been possible without the support and help of very many people. I want to start by thanking my entire family, beginning with my husband, Mike. He has helped tremendously, not only by providing continual encouragement and suggestions, but also by providing the financial support that has allowed me free rein to follow and fully develop my ideas. Without his wholehearted support during the last four years, this book would never have seen the light of day.
Likewise, I am indebted to my sister Julia for her helpful review of the manuscript as well as for her extremely constructive advice; to my parents, Pat and John, for teaching me to believe in myself; to my sister Clare for acting as a sounding board; and to my children for making everything worthwhile.
I am also more grateful than I could express to Dr. Ray Cooper, Cindy Latham, Bob Schults, Marjorie Fine, Michael Listgarten, Jeff Avila, Elaine Bagwell, Evelyn Scalova, Terry Kristen Strom, Nel Prentice, and Christian Schindler.
Others I would like to thank are:
Fiona Gold, my editor, and her husband, Jonathon, who was one of the first to demonstrate the wonders of the program.
Neeti Madan, my U.S. literary agent from Sterling Lord Literistic, New York, who got it immediately and then ran with it.
Laura Shepherd at Penguin Putnam for believing in my book and giving me the benefit of her expert knowledge, and the friendly Kristen Jennings, who has been so incredibly efficient in getting the U.S. edition out in the extremely short time given to her!
Professor Kim Jobst, who gave me the support and advice I needed to follow my own intuition, and his wife, Belinda, for providing this vital connection.
Dr. Basil Shepstone from Oxford University, my first mentor, who taught me the skills necessary for conducting research as well as gave me great encouragement to continue with my future projects.
Professor Roger Watt and Professor Andrew Watterson, on behalf of and from the Occupational and Environmental Health Research Group at Stirling University, for fully supporting my research.
Elizabeth R. Nesbitt, from the U.S. International Trade Commission, for going beyond the call of duty by kindly photocopying and sending me a huge amount of data from which I created several of my graphs.
Finally, I am extremely grateful to all of the following: Elizabeth McNabb, Sharon Finch, Professor Desmond Hammerton, Professor Vyvyan Howard, Dr. Gera Troisi, Robert Kirby, Neil, Gill, and Alex Baillie-Hamilton, as well as all the other people I have not mentioned who have played a role in supporting me personally or professionally in achieving my goals. Thank you all!
Introduction: Making the Discovery
I often cast my mind back to how this all began. If I concentrate, I can just about capture a faint impression of myself emerging from the thick fog that had enveloped me following the birth of my second son. I had just snatched a free moment when he was asleep, fallen into a comfy chair, and picked up a newspaper. What drives me so hard to capture that fleeting moment is that, sitting there, I stumbled across the answer to what is arguably one of the greatest unsolved mysteries in medicine today. With hindsight, I recognize that moment to be one of the most significant turning points in my life.
You might very well wonder what on earth was in that newspaper. What caught my eye was an article about the powerful hormone-damaging actions of pesticides, a diverse group of highly toxic chemicals used in food production to kill all kinds of bugs. However, what really grabbed my attention was that the amount of chemicals needed to wreak such havoc with our sex hormones was not too different from the small amount of chemicals we are all exposed to in everyday life.
It just so happened that at the time I was eager to shed some weight and was finding the going pretty tough. After reading the article, it struck me that if these chemicals had the power to alter our hormones so completely, then they must possess some sort of influence on our weight. I made a beeline for one of my biggest medical textbooks, thumbed through the pages, and there it was in black and white: Changes in sex hormones can cause weight gain. I was hooked. Three years of uncovering revelation after revelation have resulted in this book. Never in my wildest dreams could I have imagined the sheer wealth of evidence already in the public domain, just waiting to be found.
After I had made the initial connection between toxic chemicals and weight gain, there was no turning back. I cant really explain why I felt so strongly about pursuing the subject, but I felt it then just as strongly as I do now. As every day passed, it became clearer that this was no ordinary finding but a once-in-a-lifetime discovery on the scale that most people only dream about. However, it was also becoming clear that the research necessary to prove such a finding would be fraught with difficulties.
From previous research experience, I knew that a proper investigation would require a serious amount of time and effort as well as easy access to research facilities. The problem was that, for me, life had moved on from the days when I had been working for my scientific doctorate at Christ Church, Oxford. Everything there had been set up for research, the libraries were excellent, and the resources were accessible. Now I was living in a different world. After Oxford, I moved to a rural part of Scotland to become a lairds wife and the proud mother of two young boys. I was completely happy with my new life, but it had become a great deal harder to do any sort of academic work.
If I wanted to consult medical or scientific papers, for example, I couldnt just stroll across the road to one of the worlds biggest scientific libraries. I now had to organize a baby-sitter for the boys, make the three-hour round trip to Edinburgh, use the library computer to look up potential papers, spend several hours carting very heavy volumes up and down the stairs to make photocopies of the relevant pages, then rush back home again to read the material. The practical problems slowed everything down, making progress very tough.
As a result, I found myself in a difficult situation. On the one hand, I was desperate to get down to some proper research; on the other, I had major time constraints because of my family and where we lived. Despite the difficulties, however, I was totally gripped by the idea that I had discovered what was causing people to gain weight and by the possibility that my discovery would help millions of people. And as the evidence supporting my ideas stacked up, I was more convinced that giving up was not an option.
Fortunately, this painfully slow research was soon speeded up by a visit from one of my husbands relations, Belinda Jobst. Neither Mike nor I had ever met her before, but it turned out that I had a great deal in common with her husband, Professor Kim Jobst. By a strange coincidence, he is also a medical doctor, had also earned a scientific doctorate from Oxford, and had even been working in Oxford while I was there!