ROMANS
ROMANS
A New Covenant Commentary
CRAIG S. KEENER
The Lutterworth Press
The Lutterworth Press
P.O. Box 60
Cambridge
CB1 2NT
United Kingdom
www.lutterworth.com
publishing@lutterworth.com
ISBN: 978 0 7188 9238 8
British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data
A record is available from the British Library
Copyright Craig S. Keener, 2009
Published by arrangement with Cascade Books,
a division of Wipf and Stock Publishers
All rights reserved. No part of this edition may be reproduced,
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Contents
Romans is well-served with strong academic commentaries, but sparser on the end of concise, academically informed commentaries for a general audience. I hope that this brief commentary will contribute to that niche. I trust that readers will recognize that I could not cover every point in a commentary this size. I have covered what I could, but retain research notes to produce a much larger commentary on Romans if time permits. I am grateful to my co-editor for allowing me more space than some shorter volumes in the series, so that I did not need to end my comments, like some early manuscripts of Romans, with chapter 14 (or at least to omit the cover).
I have included only a fraction of my research documentation in the notes for interested readers to follow up, endeavouring at the same time to avoid distracting readers who choose such a volume for its conciseness. Less technical readers should not feel intimidated by the footnotes, but should simply feel free to ignore them. Use of footnotes allowed me to keep the main text more readable, focused on the points that seemed most central to Pauls case.
To keep the series balanced, the editors first two choices for a Romans commentator offered perspectives and backgrounds different from mine; I have offered mine here only because our first choices other commitments precluded their participation. I am grateful to E. P. Sanders for conversation in the fall of 2008 about my understanding of the rhetoric of Pauls argument, and editorial feedback from my Palmer colleague Julia Pizzuto-Pomaco regarding Romans 16. Thanks to Chris Spinks and Heather Carraher at Wipf and Stock. Special thanks go to Michael Bird, my co-editor for the series, hence the only objective editor for this volume. Michael is the series original designer, but having invited my participation, negotiated very flexibly both with respect to the series as a whole and with regard to my own volume (while reminding me of the series constraints where necessary).
Because I treated the background for some topics in Romans in greater detail in other works, I refer readers there at appropriate points to conserve space here. Nevertheless, readers will find many of my primary references new to Romans research.
AB | Anchor Bible |
ABR | Australian Biblical Review |
ACCS | Ancient Christian Commentary on Scripture |
ACNT | Augsburg Commentaries on the New Testament |
AJP | American Journal of Philology |
AUSS | Andrews University Seminary Studies |
BA | Biblical Archaeologist |
BBR | Bulletin for Biblical Research |
BDAG | W. Bauer, F. W. Danker, W. F. Arndt, and F. W. Gingrich, A Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature (3rd ed.; Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2000) |
BDF | F. Blass, A. Debrunner, and R. W. Funk, A Greek Grammar of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1961) |
BECNT | Baker Exegetical Commentary on the New Testament |
Bib | Biblica |
BK | Bibel und Kirche |
BZ | Biblische Zeitschrift |
BZNW | Beihefte zur Zeitschrift fr die neutestamentliche Wissenschaft |
CBET | Contributions to Biblical Exegesis and Theology |
CBQ | Catholic Biblical Quarterly |
CJ | Classical Journal |
ConBNT | Coniectanea biblica: New Testament Series |
ConBOT | Coniectanea biblica: Old Testament Series |
CSEL | Corpus scriptorum ecclesiasticorum latinorum |
DNTB | Dictionary of New Testament Background, edited by Craig A. Evans and Stanley E. Porter (Downers Grove: InterVarsity, 2000) |
DSD | Dead Sea Discoveries |
ETL | Ephemerides theologicae lovanienses |
ETS | Evangelical Theological Society |
EvQ | Evangelical Quarterly |
ExpTim | Expository Times |
FBBS | Facet Books, Biblical Series |
GRBS | Greek, Roman, and Byzantine Studies |
HNTC | Harpers New Testament Commentaries |
HTR | Harvard Theological Review |
HTS | Harvard Theological Studies |
IRT | Issues in Religion and Theology |
ITQ | Irish Theological Quarterly |
JANESCU | Journal of the Ancient Near Eastern Society of Columbia University |
JBL | Journal of Biblical Literature |
JBQ | Jewish Bible Quarterly |
JGRChJ | Journal of Greco-Roman Christianity and Judaism |
JJS | Journal of Jewish Studies |
JRS | Journal of Roman Studies |
JSJ | Journal for the Study of Judaism in the Persian, Hellenistic, and Roman Periods |
JSNT | Journal for the Study of the New Testament |
JSNTSup | JSNT Supplement Series |
JSP | Journal for the Study of the Pseudopigrapha |
JSQ | Jewish Studies Quarterly |
JTS | Journal of Theological Studies |
LCL | Loeb Classical Library |
LEC | Library of Early Christianity |
LXX | Septuagint |
MScRel | Mlanges de science religieuse |
NASB | New American Standard Bible |
NICNT | New International Commentary on the New Testament |
NIGTC | New International Greek Testament Commentary |
NovT | Novum Testamentum |
NovTSup | Supplements to Novum Testamentum |
NIV | New International Version |
NLT | New Living Translation |
NRSV | New Revised Standard Version |
NT | New Testament |
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