Christopher Schlottmann et al. (eds.) - Environment and Society: A Reader

Edited by
Christopher Schlottmann,
Dale Jamieson,
Colin Jerolmack, and
Anne Rademacher

With Maria Damon

NEW YORK UNIVERSITY PRESS

New York

NEW YORK UNIVERSITY PRESS

New York

www.nyupress.org

2017 by New York University

All rights reserved

References to Internet websites (URLs) were accurate at the time of writing. Neither the author nor New York University Press is responsible for URLs that may have expired or changed since the manuscript was prepared.

ISBN: 978-1-4798-0193-0 (hardback)

ISBN: 978-1-4798-9491-8 (paperback)

ISBN: 978-1-4798-4474-6 (ebook)

For Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication data, please contact the Library of Congress.

To our students

Bill McKibben

Will Steffen, Paul J. Crutzen, and John R. McNeill

Alan Weisman

Carolyn Merchant

Pope Francis

Gary Snyder

Aldo Leopold

John Muir

Rachel Carson

Robert D. Bullard

Robert Gottlieb

Ted Nordhaus and Michael Shellenberger

Ramachandra Guha

Amita Baviskar

Thomas Malthus

Peter J. Taylor and Frederick H. Buttel

Marian R. Chertow

Gretchen C. Daily and Paul R. Ehrlich

William McDonough and Michael Braungart

Michael Maniates

Leon Kolankiewicz

Garrett Hardin

Elinor Ostrom, Joanna Burger, Christopher B. Field, Richard B. Norgaard, and David Policansky

Peggy Petrzelka and Michael M. Bell

Mark Van Vugt

Marion Hourdequin

Jonathan H. Adler

Henry David Thoreau

Robert E. Goodin

John Passmore

Alan Holland

David Schlosberg

David Owen

Edward Abbey

Norman Borlaug

Wendell Berry

Brad Allenby

David W. Keith

This anthology is the culmination of almost a decade of teaching, conversation, and community building around the relationships between environment and society. We have benefited tremendously from our colleagues and students in the Department of Environmental Studies at New York University. This project was supported by Kristina Sokourenko and Allie Tsubota, who provided substantial, sustained, and diligent research assistance. Amanda Anjum delivered exceptional administrative support. Our many Environmental Studies students who have taken Environment and Society over the years gave us feedback and thoughtful responses to the course and readings. We also appreciated the helpful feedback from a number of anonymous referees. We thank Leo Purman for the cover photography. All royalties from the sale of this book will be donated to the NYU Environmental Studies Scholarship Fund.

* * *

The editors wish to express their appreciation to the following for permissions to reprint the selections in this volume:

Edward Abbey, Freedom and Wilderness, Wilderness and Freedom, from The Journey Home. Copyright 1977 by Edward Abbey. Used by permission of Dutton, an imprint of Penguin Publishing Group, a division of Penguin Random House LLC.

Jonathan H. Adler, About Free-Market Environmentalism, from Ecology, Liberty, and Property: A Free-Market Environmental Reader (Washington, DC: Competitive Enterprise Institute, 2000). Reprinted by permission of Competitive Enterprise Institute.

Brad Allenby, Earth Systems Engineering and Management, IEEE Technology and Society Magazine (Winter 20002001). Reprinted by permission of the publisher.

Amita Baviskar, Between Violence and Desire: Space, Power, and Identity in the Making of Metropolitan Delhi, International Social Science Journal 55 (2003): 8998. Reprinted by permission of the publisher.

Wendell Berry, The Agrarian Standard, from Citizenship Papers (Berkeley: Counterpoint, 2003). Copyright 2014 by Wendell Berry. Reprinted by permission of Counterpoint.

Norman Borlaug, The Green Revolution Revisited and the Road Ahead, 2000 Anniversary Nobel Lecture, Norwegian Nobel Institute in Oslo, Norway. The Nobel Foundation (1970). Source Nobelprize.org. Reprinted by permission of Nobel Media AB, Publishing and Broadcast Rights.

Robert D. Bullard, Environmentalism and Social Justice, from Dumping in Dixie: Race, Class, and Environmental Quality, 3rd ed. (Boulder, CO: Westview, 2000). Reprinted by permission of the publisher.

Rachel Carson, A Fable for Tomorrow and The Obligation to Endure, from Silent Spring. Copyright 1962 by Rachel L. Carson, renewed 1990 by Roger Christie. Reprinted by permission of Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company. All rights reserved.

Marian R. Chertow, The IPAT Equation and Its Variants, Journal of Industrial Ecology 4 (2000): 1329. Copyright 2000 by Marian R. Chertow. Reproduced with permission of Blackwell Publishing Ltd.

Gretchen C. Daily and Paul R. Ehrlich, Socioeconomic Equity, Sustainability, and Earths Carrying Capacity, Ecological Applications 6 (1996): 9911001. Reproduced by permission of the publisher.

Pope Francis, Laudato Si, 2015. Reprinted by permission of the Vatican Press.

Robert E. Goodin, Naturalness as a Source of Value, from Green Political Theory (Cambridge, UK: Polity, 1992). Reprinted by permission of the publisher.

Robert Gottlieb, Where We Live, Work, and Play, from Forcing the Spring. Copyright 2005 by Robert Gottlieb. Reproduced by permission of Island Press, Washington, DC.

Ramachandra Guha, The Paradox of Global Environmentalism, Current History, October 2000, 367370. Reprinted with permission from Current History magazine. Copyright 2015 by Current History, Inc.

Garrett Hardin, The Tragedy of the Commons, Science 13 (1968): 12431248. Reprinted by permission of the publisher.

Alan Holland, Sustainability, from A Companion to Environmental Philosophy, ed. Dale Jamieson (Malden, MA: Blackwell, 2001). Reproduced by permission of the publisher.

Marion Hourdequin, Climate, Collective Action and Individual Ethical Obligations, Environmental Values 19 (2010): 444445, 452462. Reprinted by permission of The White Horse Press.

David W. Keith, The Earth Is Not Yet an Artifact, IEEE Technology and Society Magazine, Winter 20002001. Reprinted by permission of the publisher.

Leon Kolankiewicz, Overpopulation versus Biodiversity, from Life on the Brink (Athens: University of Georgia Press, 2012), 7590. Reprinted by permission of the publisher.

Aldo Leopold, from The Land Ethic, from A Sand Country Almanac, 23940. Copyright 1968 by Oxford University Press, USA. Reprinted by permission of the publisher.

Thomas Malthus, An Essay on the Principle of Population (London, 1798).

Michael Maniates, excerpt from In Search of Consumptive Resistance: The Voluntary Simplicity Movement, from Confronting Consumption, ed. Thomas Princen, Michael Maniates, and Ken Conca. Copyright 2002 by Massachusetts Institute of Technology, by permission of The MIT Press.

William McDonough and Michael Braungart, The NEXT Industrial Revolution, Atlantic, October 1998. Reprinted with permission of the authors.

Bill McKibben, excerpts from The End of Nature (New York: Penguin Random House, 2006), 4047, 4956. Copyright 1989, 2006 by William McKibben. Used by permission of Random House, an imprint and division of Penguin Random House LLC. All rights reserved.

Carolyn Merchant, Reinventing Eden: Western Culture as a Recovery Narrative, from Uncommon Ground, edited by William Cronon. Copyright 1995 by William Cronon. Used by permission of W. W. Norton & Company, Inc.