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Michael Fossel - The Telomerase Revolution: The Enzyme That Holds the Key to Human Aging and Will Soon Lead to Longer, Healthier Lives

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Michael Fossel The Telomerase Revolution: The Enzyme That Holds the Key to Human Aging and Will Soon Lead to Longer, Healthier Lives
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One of Wall Street Journals Best Books for Science Lovers in 2015Science is on the cusp of a revolutionary breakthrough. We now understand more about agingand how to prevent and reverse itthan ever before.In recent years, our understanding of the nature of aging has grown exponentially, and dramatic life extensioneven age reversalhas moved from science fiction to real possibility.Dr. Michael Fossel has been in the forefront of aging research for decades and is the author of the definitive textbook on human aging. In The Telomerase Revolution, he takes us on a detailed but highly accessible scientific journey, providing startling insights into the nature of human aging.Twenty years ago, there was still considerable debate of the nature of human aging, with a variety of competing theories in play. But scientific consensus is forming around the telomere theory of aging. The essence of this theory is that human aging is the result of cellular aging. Every time a cell reproduces, its telomeres (the tips of the chromosomes) shorten. With every shortening of the telomeres, the cells ability to repair its molecules decreases. It ages. Human aging is the result of the aging of the bodys trillions of cells.But some of our cells dont age. Sex cells and stem cells can reproduce indefinitely, without aging, because they create telomerase. Telomerase re-lengthens the telomeres, keeping these cells young.The Telomerase Revolution describes how telomerase will soon be used as a powerful therapeutic tool, with the potential to dramatically extend life spans and even reverse human aging. Telomerase-based treatments are already available, and have shown early promise, but much more potent treatments will become available over the next decade.The Telomerase Revolution is the definitive work on the latest science on human aging, covering both the theory and the clinical implications. It takes the reader to the forefront of the upcoming revolution in human medicine.

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Praise for The Telomerase Revolution

The Telomerase Revolution is a remarkable book, telling a fascinating story that pulls together at last a single coherent theory of how and why growing old leads to so many different forms of illness. It also offers a tantalizing promise that we might soon know not only how to cure and prevent age-related diseases, but how to reset the aging process itself. Michael Fossel is a radical optimist.

Matt Ridley, author of Genome and The Rational Optimist

The Telomerase Revolution breaks down centuries of human thought on aging and uproots outdated ideologies that have led to nothing but worthless snake oil products. Dr. Fossels exciting book is opening doors to extended healthspan that can change human history, and its all grounded in solid scientific research.

Noel Patton, founder and chairman of T.A. Sciences

Michael Fossels compelling argument for the telomere approach to reversing aging isnt just worth a lookits like reading the words of Virgil as he leads us along the mysteries of aging.

Alexey Olovnikov, PhD, Institute of Biochemical Physics and Russian Academy of Sciences

Dr. Fossel has made a superb case for his belief that telomeres and telomerase play an essential role in the biology of aging both in humans and in other animals. His views were once in the minority, but more recent advances in how these molecules work have made his present book a valuable contribution to our understanding of the fundamental biology of aging. Adding to its value is that it is clearly written and well organized.

Leonard Hayflick, PhD, Professor of Anatomy, University of California, San Francisco

Aging is not an irreversible degenerative process, but an epigenetically determined physiological mechanism, which must not be confused with age-related diseases caused by lifestyle choices. Here, we have an effective and clear guide to understanding how we get old and how to tame aging in a few years.

Giacinto Libertini, MD, member of the Italian Society of Evolutionary Biology

THE
TELOMERASE
REVOLUTION

First hardcover edition 2015 by Michael Fossel

First trade paperback edition 2017

All rights reserved. No part of this book may be used or reproduced in any manner whatsoever without written permission except in the case of brief quotations embodied in critical articles or reviews.

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BenBella Books, Inc.

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First E-Book Edition: October 2015.

ISBN 978-1-944648-33-6 (trade paperback)

The Library of Congress has cataloged the hardcover edition as follows:

Fossel, Michael.

The telomerase revolution : the enzyme that holds the key to human aging, and will soon lead to longer, healthier lives / Michael Fossel.

pages cm

Includes bibliographical references and index.

ISBN 978-1-941631-69-0 (hardback) ISBN 978-1-941631-70-6 (electronic) 1. AgingMolecular aspects. 2. Telomerase. I. Title.

QP86.F69 2015

612.67dc23

2015026608

Editing by Erin Kelley

Copyediting by Eric Wechter

Proofreading by Jenny Bridges and Lisa Story

Indexing by Clive Pyne, Book Indexing Services

Text design by Publishers Design and Production Services, Inc.

Artwork by Aaron Edmiston

Text composition by PerfecType, Nashville, TN

Cover design by Sarah Avinger

Printed by Lake Book Manufacturing

Distributed by Perseus Distribution

www.perseusdistribution.com

To place orders through Perseus Distribution:

Tel: (800) 343-4499

Fax: (800) 351-5073

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Special discounts for bulk sales (minimum of 25 copies) are available. Please contact Aida Herrera at .


To those with minds open to logic and eyes open to data: May others be as open to you as you are to the world around you.

To those who, aging and suffering, hear others tell you nothing can be done: Theyre wrong.

Contents

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1665:

Robert Hooke discovers that organisms are made up of cells.

1889:

Charles-douard Brown-Squard, a pioneer in endocrinology, claims that injected extracts of animal testis tissue (guinea pigs, dogs, monkeys) rejuvenates humans and prolongs life.

1917:

Alexis Carrel begins thirty-four-year in vitro experiment with chicken-heart cells, apparently showing that individual cells are immortal. Carrels research becomes a scientific paradigm until it is disproven in 1961.

1930s:

Serge Voronoff implants testes and ovaries of chimpanzees and monkeys in humans as anti-aging therapy.

1934:

Mary Crowell and Clive McCay of Cornell University double the life expectancy of laboratory rats through severe calorie restriction. To date, this has not been definitively duplicated in humans or other primates.

1938:

Hermann Muller discovers the telomere, a structure at the ends of chromosomes.

1940:

Barbara McClintock describes telomeres function as protecting the ends of chromosomes. She later wins the Nobel Prize.

1961:

Leonard Hayflick exposes the procedural error in Carrels experiment and introduces the concept of the Hayflick Limit, which shows that the cells of any given multicellular species divide a limited number of times before they become aged and dysfunctional (e.g., forty times in human fibroblasts).

1971:

Russian scientist Alexey Olovnikov publishes a hypothesis that telomere shortening is the mechanism responsible for the Hayflick Limit.

1972:

Denham Harmon publishes mitochondrial free-radical theory of aging.

1990:

Michael West founds Geron Corporation with the initial goal of finding a way to intervene in the aging process based on telomere research.

1992:

Calvin Harley and his colleagues discover that patients with Hutchinson-Gilford progeria, a genetic disease in which children die of old age by the age of 13, are born with short telomeres.

1993:

Michael Fossel begins work, based on Gerons research, on the first book about the developing understanding of how and why aging occurs. Reversing Human Aging is published in 1996.

19971998:

First peer-reviewed articles appear in the Journal of the American Medical Association suggesting that telomerase might be used to treat age-related diseases, authored by Michael Fossel.

1999:

Geron demonstrates that telomere shortening is not only related to cell aging but causes it, and that re-lengthening telomeres resets aging in cells.

2000:

Geron patents the use of astragalosides for use as telomerase activators.

Early 2000s:

Geron and other research laboratories show that lengthening telomeres reverses aging not only in cells but in human tissues. Rita Effros conducts research at UCLA on immune aging and telomerase activators.

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