Genevieve Giuliano - The Geography of Urban Transportation, Fourth Edition

THE GUILFORD PRESS
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Epub Edition ISBN: 9781462529674; Kindle Edition ISBN: 9781462529681

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Last digit is print number: 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1

Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data

Names: Giuliano, Genevieve, editor. | Hanson, Susan, 1943 editor.

Title: The geography of urban transportation / edited by Genevieve Giuliano, Susan Hanson.

Description: Fourth edition. | New York : Guilford Press, [2017] | Includes bibliographical references and index.

Identifiers: LCCN 2016036819 | ISBN 9781462529650 (hardcover : acid-free paper)

Subjects: LCSH: Urban transportation.

Classification: LCC HE305 .G46 2017 | DDC 388.4dc23

LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2016036819

To our children and grandchildren:

Dante, Tammy, Josie, and Allie

Marcello, Christine, Enzo, and Vincent

Kristin and Bill

Erik, Meg, Will, and Luke

And to the memory of Vincent

T ransportation is arguably the lifeblood of urban existence. Without transportation, activities in cities grind to a halt, but it is also the source of many seemingly intractable urban problems such as congestion, pollution, inequality, and reliance on fossil fuels. This fourth edition of The Geography of Urban Transportation sustains the fundamental line of argument that informed the books previous incarnations: how citizens and policymakers conceptualize a problem informs how they go about studying and analyzing it; analysis, in turn, informs policy formulation, decision making, and ultimately the shape of the urban transportation system itself. The book is appropriate for advanced undergraduates and beginning graduate students. It also serves as a comprehensive overview of contemporary urban transportation for the professional community.

The book encourages students to see the links among problem formulation, research design, analytical approach, and planning decisions. We hope that students can appreciate how the current geography of urban transportation can be understood in large part as the outcome of policy choices, themselves a result of how planners, citizens, business and labor interests, and elected officials have conceptualized problems, envisioned solutions, and taken action. And we hope that understanding will enable students to imagineand actively work fornew transportation geographies.

WHY THE NEED FOR A FOURTH EDITION?

For many years the urban transportation problem was equated with congestion, and the analytical structure devised to address the problem (the four-stage urban transportation model system) aimed to guide the building of capacity-increasing new infrastructures, most often highways. Growing concerns about air pollution and other environmental damage, mobility problems of those without access to a private vehicle, and the long-term consequences of an urban transport system almost entirely dependent on the private vehicle brought pressure for policy change. The passage of the Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act (ISTEA) in 1991 was the culmination of these forces and symbolized a fundamental change in perspective. The urban transportation problem was no longer conceived of simply as congestion; questions of environmental management, historic preservation, and citizen participation, among others, were placed firmly on the mainstream transportation agenda.

Since the sea change in thinking embodied in ISTEA a quarter century ago, many new technologies, trends, and concerns have emerged and continue to alter the urban transportation landscape. Among these are the growing importance of planning for freight movement, the increased interest in nonmotorized travel modes, the overall reduction in transportation funding amounts and shifts in funding sources, the changes underway related to mobile technologies, and the need to understand the transportation-related ramifications of global climate change. In this fourth edition we retain the overall approach and philosophy of the previous editions while thoroughly updating content in light of these ongoing developments.

ORGANIZATION OF THE BOOK

The fourth edition retains the basic three-part structure of the previous editions: asks how data and analysis might help expand understanding and resolution of major policy issues in urban transportation.

The four chapters in takes up a pressing policy issue: public transit, land use, finance, environment, energy, equity, and the future. Across all three parts we emphasize the importance of attention to geographic scale and the links among conceptualization, analytical approach, and policymaking.

By design, each of the three parts builds on whats come before. We therefore recommend that instructors adhere to the sequential order of the three parts. Within each part, however, the order of the chapters is flexible, although is intended as the concluding chapter.

New to the Fourth Edition

In addition to updated content in every chapter, nine of the 14 chapters have new authors and therefore have completely new content. In , new authors present new perspectives on public transportation, environmental impacts, and social and environmental justice. In every chapter authors recognize new technologies, trends, and concerns that were not relevant when the third edition was written.

Pedagogical Features

Edited volumes face the challenge of presenting a single voice. This book provides consistency through its organization in three linked parts. Each chapter is organized to provide an opening overview (including concepts and theories), present evidence and analysis, and close with a discussion of future issues. The first chapter introduces the core concepts to be discussed throughout the book, and the last chapter summarizes the main points of the book while taking a look to the future.

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

Thanks are due to many. First and foremost, we thank the contributors, whose research, ideas, and insights are the heart of this book. We appreciate the patience and cooperation of the chapter authors as we worked through often many drafts of each chapter in an effort to bring coherence and consistency to a volume with multiple authors. Second, we thank our colleagues and users of the previous edition for providing valuable advice on how the book could be improved. Third, we thank graduate classes at the University of Southern California for providing input on draft versions of the chapters. Finally, we thank the editors at The Guilford Press for persuading us to produce a fourth edition and for their excellent support and assistance in generating the final product.

PART I.

SUSAN HANSON

LAETITIA DABLANC and JEAN-PAUL RODRIGUE

BOX 2.1.

PETER O. MULLER

GIOVANNI CIRCELLA and PATRICIA L. MOKHTARIAN

PART II.

HARVEY J. MILLER

GIAN-CLAUDIA SCIARA and SUSAN HANDY

MARLON G. BOARNET