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Samantha Philo-Gill - The Womens Army Auxiliary Corps in France, 1917 - 1921: Women Urgently Wanted

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In March 1917, the first women to be enrolled into the British Army joined the newly formed Womens Army Auxiliary Corps (WAAC). The women substituted men in roles that the Army considered suitable, thereby freeing men to move up the line. The WAACs served, for example, as cooks, drivers, signallers, clerks, as well as gardeners in the military cemeteries. Due to their exemplary service, Queen Mary gave her name to the Corps in April 1918 and it became Queen Marys Army Auxiliary Corps (QMAAC). By the time the Corps was disbanded in 1921, approximately 57,000 women had served both at home and in France.
This book details the establishment of the Corps and subsequently explores the experience of the WAACs who served in France. It follows the women from enrollment to the camps and workplaces overseas, through to their experiences of the Spring Offensive of 1918, the Armistice and demobilization. The final chapter reviews how the women have been remembered in art, literature, museums and memorials. Throughout the book, the author locates the women in a society at war and examines how they were viewed by the Army, the general public and the press.
The author draws on a wide range of sources to provide the background and uses the oral and written testimonies of the women themselves to tell their stories. This book will be of interest to social, womens and military historians, as well as family history researchers.

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The Womens Army Auxiliary Corps in France, 19171921
For Mum, Dad and Ian .
In memory of the women who served in the WAAC and QMAAC, especially those who died in the service of their country .
The Womens Army Auxiliary Corps in France, 19171921
Women Urgently Wanted
Samantha Philo-Gill
First published in Great Britain in 2017 by Pen Sword History an imprint of - photo 1
First published in Great Britain in 2017 by
Pen & Sword History
an imprint of
Pen & Sword Books Ltd
47 Church Street
Barnsley
South Yorkshire
S70 2AS
Copyright Samantha Philo-Gill 2017
ISBN 978 1 47383 359 3
eISBN 978 147388 629 2
Mobi ISBN 978 147388 628 5
The right of Samantha Philo-Gill to be identified as the Author of this Work has been asserted by her in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988.
A CIP catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library
All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical including photocopying, recording or by any information storage and retrieval system, without permission from the Publisher in writing.
For image copyright permissions, please refer to the List of Illustrations and individual plates.
For written quotes copyright permissions, please refer to the Notes. Every reasonable effort has been made to attribute the images and quotations to the right source and to contact the copyright holders. Should there be any errors or omissions, please write to Pen and Sword Ltd in order that full acknowledgement can be included in future editions.
Pen & Sword Books Ltd incorporates the imprints of Pen & Sword Archaeology, Atlas, Aviation, Battleground, Discovery, Family History, History, Maritime, Military, Naval, Politics, Railways, Select, Transport, True Crime, and Fiction, Frontline Books, Leo Cooper, Praetorian Press, Seaforth Publishing and Wharncliffe.
For a complete list of Pen & Sword titles please contact
PEN & SWORD BOOKS LIMITED
47 Church Street, Barnsley, South Yorkshire, S70 2AS, England
E-mail:
Website: www.pen-and-sword.co.uk
Contents
List of Illustrations
Plate One
Ministry of Labour recruitment poster for the WAAC Imperial War Museums (Q 68242)
Plate Two
The Workers Quarters, Queen Marys Army Auxiliary Corps: Queen Elizabeth Camp, Vendroux by Beatrice Lithiby Imperial War Museums (Art.IWM ART 2904)
WAACs in a ward attached to the Sick Sisters Hospital in Rouen (authors own collection)
Plate Three
Tending the Graves of Our Heroes: Gardeners of the WAAC by Frederic de Haenen, Illustrated London News , 2 March 1918 (authors own collection)
WAAC mechanics working on a motor car in France (authors own collection)
Plate Four
Comic postcard by Doug Tempest, 1918 Bamforth and Co. Ltd.
Plate Five
Crater at Abbeville WAAC camp, 22 May 1918 Imperial War Museums (Q 7890)
WAACs sleeping in the open in Crcy Forest, 7 June 1918 Imperial War Museums (Q 11065)
Plate Six
Jeanie Watson prior to enrolment with the WAAC L. McNulty
Plate Seven
Jeanie Watson in her WAAC uniform L. McNulty
Plate Eight
WAAC and QMAAC badges within the commemorative window at Guildford Cathedral (authors own collection and reproduced with kind permission of Guildford Cathedral)
Statue of Faith located externally to the commemorative window at Guildford Cathedral (authors own collection and reproduced with kind permission of Guildford Cathedral)
Cover
WAACs in a trench constructed for shelter in the event of an aerial attack at Abbeville, 22 May 1918 Imperial War Museums (Q 7886) (detail)
Portrait photographs of women in the WAAC (authors own collection)
Acknowledgements
I would like to thank the following libraries, archives, museums and organisations for their assistance in the research for this book and for their permission to quote from a selection of resources: Hillingdon Library Service; Brunel University London Library; the National Archives; the National Army Museum; the London Metropolitan Archives; the Commonwealth War Graves Commission; and the Library and Research Room Services, Museum Archive, Documents and Sound Section and Art Section at the Imperial War Museum London and Duxford.
A number of publishers and newspapers have granted me permission to quote from their publications. I would like to thank: James Clarke & Co Ltd; The Permissions Company, Inc., on behalf of the Feminist Press; The Press and Journal and Dundee Evening Telegraph (DC Thomson & Co Ltd); Hastings and St. Leonards Observer, Yorkshire Evening Post and Motherwell Times (Johnston Press Plc); Times Newspapers Ltd (News UK & Ireland Ltd); and Trinity Mirror Plc for Manchester Evening News , Birmingham Daily Post , Liverpool Daily Post and Mercury , Liverpool Echo and Daily Mirror .
My thanks also go to Guildford Cathedral for facilitating a very special visit and permitting me to photograph the commemorative window and to reproduce the resulting images in this book.
I am grateful to Birkbeck College, University of London for permitting me to use material from the autobiography and private papers of Dame Helen Gwynne-Vaughan. I would also like to thank Louise McNulty for kindly permitting me to reproduce the photographs of her greataunt and to quote from her great-grandmothers letter to the Imperial War Museum. My thanks also go to Jessica Bailey for her permission to quote from Dorothy Pickfords letters. I am grateful for the support given to me by the Womens Royal Army Corps Association and their permission to quote from the Old Comrades Association Gazettes.
I would like to thank the Imperial War Museum and Bamforth and Co. Ltd for permission to reproduce a number of images within this book. I am also grateful to Yvonne Milsome for photographing and preparing a number of the images for publication.
I am indebted to my parents and my husband for their support and encouragement during the research and writing of this book.
Timeline
Womens Services Committee appointed17 November 1916
Lawson Report commissioned8 December 1916
Womens Services Committee Report14 December 1916
War Office Conferences515 January 1917
Lawson Report16 January 1917
War Office Conference6 February 1917
Appointment of Mona Chalmers Watson (Chief Controller)February 1917
Appointment of Helen Gwynne-Vaughan (Chief Controller Overseas)19 February 1917
Inauguration of Womens Branch AG1119 February 1917
Official announcement of Corps in press28 February 1917
Army Council Instruction 53728 March 1917
First draft enrolled in WAAC28 March 1917
First draft embarked for France
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